Transcript ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS

1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE
UP OF CELLS
• Write the three parts of the cell theory:
– 1.
– 2.
– 3.
2. Cells
• How does a cell obtain energy and raw
materials?
• How does a cell get rid of wastes?
• What surrounds the cell and enables the
exchanges to take place?
3. ALL LIVING THINGS MAKE
ENERGY. IN ORDER TO DO
THIS IT MUST MOVE
CHEMICALS INTO THE CELL
AND MOVE WASTES OUT OF
THE CELL.
• Diffusion/osmosis
• Passive transport/active transport
• Endocytosis /exocytosis
4. Diffusion
• Write the definition of diffusion.
• Write a definition of osmosis.
• What does the word concentration have
to do with diffusion?
5. Illustration of Diffusion
6. Osmosis
• Review:
• What is a molecule?
• What is a semi-permeable membrane?
• What does equilibrium mean?
• Cells must keep water and concentration of
particles in balance (equilibrium) to remain
healthy
7. Passive Transport
• Write the definition of passive transport.
• Particles move from an area of
_____________ concentration to an area
of ____________________ concentration.
• Examples:
8. Illustration of Passive Transport
across a cell membrane
9. Active Transport
• Write a definition of active transport
• Usually this process involves the
movement of particles from an area of
________________ concentration to an
area of ____________ concentration
10. Illustration of Active Transport
11. Endocytosis
• Write the definition of endocytosis
12. Illustration of the three steps of
ENDOCYTOSIS
13. Exocytosis
• Write the definition of exocytosis.
14. Illustration of the three steps of
EXOCYTOSIS
15. ALL LIVING THINGS USE
ENERGY
Cell Energy
• All cells need energy to live, grow and develop,
respond to changes, and reproduce.
• Plant cells get energy from the _______.
• Animal cells get energy from __________.
– Animal cells get this energy in two ways: __________
______________(2 words) and _____________.
• Define the process of the following:
– Photosynthesis
– Cellular respiration
– Fermentation
16. Illustration of a plant cell
obtaining energy from the sun
and an animal cell obtaining
energy from the plant (food).
17. Photosynthesis
• ______________ capture energy from the sun
and change it into food.
• The food that plants make supplies them with
__________________.
• Write a definition of chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll gives plants their __________ color.
• Chlorophyll is found in the _____________.
18. Photosynthesis
• Write the chemical equation for
photosynthesis. Under each component
draw an illustration to help you remember
this equation.
19. Cellular Respiration
• Cellular respiration occurs in most
____________ _____________.
• During cellular respiration, ____________ (such
as glucose) is broken down into ________ and
____________ and _________ is released.
• In animals, most of the energy released helps
maintain __________________.
• Some of the energy is used to form __________
(energy that fuels cell activities).
20. Cellular respiration
• Write the chemical equation for cellular
respiration. Under each component draw
an illustration to help you remember the
equation.
21. Photosynthesis vs.
Cellular Respiration
• Photosynthesis transforms energy from the
____________ into glucose. During
photosynthesis, cells use __________ to make
glucose, and the cells release _____________.
• During cellular respiration, cells use
____________ to break down _________ and
release __________ and _________.
• Each process makes the materials that are
needed for the other process to occur
elsewhere.
22. Fermentation
• Write the definition of fermentation.
• One kind of fermentation happens in your
muscles and produces ________ _______.
• The buildup of _________ _________ contributes to muscle fatigue
and causes a burning sensation.
• This kind of fermentation also happens in the muscle cells of other
animals and in some ___________ and _____________.
• Another type of fermentation occurs in some
types of ______________ and ____________.
23. ALL LIVING THINGS GROW
AND DEVELOP,REPRODUCE, AND
HAVE DNA
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Write a definition of the cell cycle.
• The cell cycle begins when the cell is ______________.
• Then cell cycle ends when the cell ______________.
• Before a cell divides, it must make a copy of its
___________ (hereditary material that controls
all cell activities, including the making of new
cells).
• Copying __________ ensures that each new
cell will be an exact copy of its parent cell.
24. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
•
Write a definition of prokaryotic cell.
•
Draw an illustration of a typical prokaryotic cell.
•
What organisms contain prokaryotic cells?
•
Define binary fission.
•
Binary fission results in two cells that each contain one copy of
________________________.
25. Illustration of Binary fission
26. ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE
DNA Eukaryotic cells and DNA
• The chromosomes in eukaryotic cells
contain more __________ than
prokaryotic cells do.
• The number of chromosomes depends on
the organism.
– Example: Fruit flies have _________ chromosomes, potatoes
have ____________ chromosomes, and humans have
___________ chromosomes.
27. Illustration of the human
chromosome
• (You must show all 23 pairs of
chromosomes)
28. Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
• There are three stages:
– ____________- the cell grows and copies its
organelles and chromosomes.
– ____________- a process of cell division that
forms two new nuclei, each of which has the
same number of chromosomes
– ____________- the cytoplasm begins to
divide and two identical cells are formed.
29. The cell cycle
• Draw, label, and write a caption for the
three stages of a cell’s cycle including the
four phases of mitosis. There are six total.
30. REVIEW
•
List the six characteristics of life and at least
one cell process the cell does to achieve this.
1. Living things have one or more cells (ex: cell
theory)
2. Living things sense and respond to change
(ex: allows materials to move in and out)
3.
4.
5.
6.
31. REVIEW
• If all the plants in the world were
destroyed, what would happen to the rest
of the living things and why?
32. REVIEW
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name the five building blocks of the cell.
Beside the building blocks list any cell
part or cell process that depends on this
chemical.