Transcript CH # 2C
Chapter 2C The Cell in Action Exchange with the Environment….. • Cells get rid of wastes through the cell membrane • Diffusion – The movement of particle from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without needing any energy Exchange with the environment….. Exchange with the Environment….. Exchange with the Environment….. • Osmosis – the diffusion of water particles through a semipermeable membrane Exchange with the Environment….. • Moving small particles – Passive Transport – moving particles without the use of energy Active Transport – moving particles with the use of energy Exchange with the Environment….. Exchange with the Environment….. • Moving LARGE Particles – Endocytosis – moves particles into the cell Exocytosis – moves particles out of the cell Exchange with the Environment….. Section 2 • Cell Energy – Almost all energy that fuels life comes from the sun Cell Energy….. • Photosynthesis – process carried out by plants/algae in which they convert light energy into chemical energy - occurs in chloroplasts - chlorophyll (pigment) absorbs energy from sun - also need water and carbon dioxide Cell Energy….. Cell Energy….. • Photosynthesis – - makes glucose (sugar) - makes oxygen (waste) Getting Energy from Food….. • Animal Cells – 2 ways 1) cellular respiration 2) fermentation Getting Energy from Food….. • Cellular Respiration – - occurs in MITOCHONDRIA of cells - food (glucose) is broken down into water and carbon dioxide and releases energy Getting Energy from Food….. • Fermentation – - occurs in MITOCHONDRIA - uses carbon dioxide - releases less energy than cellular respiration - releases LACTIC ACID **SORE MUSCLES** Getting Energy from Food….. • Plants - 1 way - Cellular Respiration - same as ANIMALS The Connection Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Section 3 • The Cell Cycle – • Eukaryotic cells • Begins when a cell is formed and ends when it divides in two • DNA must be copied before a cell can reproduce The Cell Cycle….. • DNA is found on chromosomes • # of chromosomes differ Humans - 46 Fruit Flies - 8 * Chromosomes in similar pairs are called Homologous Chromosomes The Cell Cycle….. The Cell Cycle….. • 3 Major Steps: 1 - cell grows and copies organelles and chromosomes 2- chromatids separate (MITOSIS) 3- cytoplasm divides (CYTOKINESIS) The Cell Cycle….. 1- The Cell Cycle….. • 2- The Cell Cycle….. • 3- The Cell Cycle….. • 3- The Cell Cycle….. • 3- The Cell Cycle….. • PROKARYOTIC CELLS………….. - Bacteria - Binary Fission – (splitting in 2)