Transcript Warm Up
Cellular Processes: The processes we will discuss… 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular Respiration 3. Transport Active Passive Diffusion Osmosis 4. Fermentation 1. Photosynthesis Plant cells use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make food. Starting Materials Energy (sunlight) Carbon Dioxide Water Process The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and make food Products Sugars (glucose) Oxygen 2. Cellular Respiration Animal Cells then use the oxygen and sugars to “breathe” and make energy (ATP) Starting Materials Sugars (glucose) Oxygen Process The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy Products Energy (ATP) Carbon Dioxide Water Cellular Respiration Review Question Why do you breathe more when you’re running around than when you’re sitting watching television? Cellular Respiration Answer Because you’re requiring more energy when you run than when you’re just sitting watching TV right? So if you need more energy, then you need more oxygen to give you that energy so your cells undergo respiration! 3. TRANSPORT Things have to move in and out of the cell There are 2 types of transport Active Transport Passive Transport Remember: Which organelle allows things to enter or leave the cell? Active Materials VS. are moved in and out of cell using the cell’s energy Remember: Passive Materials are moved in and out of cell WITHOUT using the cell’s energy Which organelle makes the energy for the cell again? What is that process called when the cell makes energy? Passive Transport The cell uses two main processes to passively move materials in and out of the cell. Diffusion Osmosis Diffusion Process by which molecules spread out Move from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration BUT WHY?? Equilibrium Molecules don’t like to be crowded, so they diffuse, or spread out until their concentration is equal everywhere! This idea is known as equilibrium Diffusion Review Question What happens to the concentration of Kool-Aid when you add water? Why? Diffusion Review Answer The Kool-Aid begins to move throughout the water so the concentration of kool-aid becomes the same throughout the water and it reaches equilibrium Diffusion Demo Osmosis The diffusion of water through a membrane Remember: Which organelle would store water in the cell?? Osmosis Review Question Why do your hands get wrinkly when you’re in the water for a long time? Osmosis Review Answer When your hands are in water for a long period time you wash off the oily substance that keeps water for entering your skin. So once that oily layer is washed away your skin becomes semipermeable and water diffuses into your skin. Your hands become wrinkly because they are trying to reach equilibrium with the water!! 4. Fermentation Also known as Anaerobic Respiration Occurs when NO oxygen is available to the cell 2 types – Alcoholic Fermentation – occurs in bacteria and yeast (makes dough rise and gives bread its holes) Lactic Acid Fermentation – occurs in muscle cells (causes burning sensation in muscles during rapid exercise when oxygen is not available)