Transcript Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi
Importance of Kingdom Fungi
1. many pathogenic species

ex. Ringworm

ex. athlete’s foot

ex. potato blight
2. decomposers

i.e. saprophytes

recycle dead organisms
(fertilize soil)

break down toxic waste
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Importance of Kingdom Fungi
3. some species produce antibiotics
ex. Penicillium
edible mushrooms
4. food source
* mushrooms (vitamin D)
* make blue cheeses
5. yeast: used commercially to make:

bread

beer & wine
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chicken of the woods
beefsteak
Similarities Between Plants & Fungi
Plants
Fungi
 eukaryotic cells
 numerous organelles
 multicellular (*except yeast)
 have cell walls
 anchored in soil
 stationary
 reproduce asexually or sexually
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Differences Between Plants & Fungi
Plants
Fungi
one nucleus per cell
many nuclei per cell
autotrophs
heterotrophs
have roots
no roots
cellulose in cell walls
reproduce by seeds
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chitin in cell walls
(like insects)
no seeds
Generalized Structure

made of thin filaments called
hyphae
nuclei
cell wall
A
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Generalized Structure
mycelium formed by many intertwined
hyphae

i.e. colony

usually forms on or below
surface of soil
mycelium showing many interlocking hyphae
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C
Life Cycle – Asexual Reproduction
spores:
 unicellular reproductive
cells (ie. made of one cell)
 formed in specialized spore
cases called sporangia (um)
Sporangiophore
 when mature, sporangia
break open releasing 1000’s
of spores to be carried by
the wind
 each spore forms a new mycelium
(identical to parent)
 ex. Rhizopus stoloniferous- bread mould
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Life Cycle – Sexual Reproduction
 2 nuclei in specialized hyphae fuse
 grow into a mushroom (fruiting body)
 sexually produced spores form on the inside of the gills
 as spores mature, mushroom opens up
& releases its spores to the wind
(up to 2 billion/mushroom)
 each spore grows into a genetically
different mycelium
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Life Cycle – Sexual Reproduction
cap
Label the
following
diagram of a
mushroom.
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gills
stalk
Yeast

different from other fungi because:
 unicellular
 reproduce asexually by budding
1. nucleus doubles
2. one nucleus moves into the bud
3. bud grows & falls off to become a new
yeast cell identical to parent
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Homework
Page 140 # 1, 3, 5, 6, 8
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