Transcript F u n g i & L i c h e n s

Fungi
&
Lichens
CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
• Cell wall made of chitin (remember that’s a
polysaccharide like in insect exoskeletons)
• Some unicellular – like yeast
• Some multicellular – like
mushrooms and molds
Most fungi are made up of hyphae. A mass of
hyphae is a mycelium
Mushroom B o d y P a r t s
CAP
Contains GILLS
(Where spores are made)
ANNULUS
STIPE
MYCELIUM
Vegetative body of the organism
M
M uu ss hh rr oo oo m
m
SPORES
CAP
REPRODUCTIVE
LL ii ff ee
BODY
SPORE
GERMINATION
C
C yy cc ll ee
MYCELIUM
Fungi
Spore
Sacs
Spores are the reproductive cells of fungi
YEAST
• Contain cell wall, cell membrane,
nucleus,large vacuole,and membrane-bound
organelles.
• Reproduce asexually
by budding.
• Used to make bread
rise and produce
alcohol.
All Fungi are Heterotrophs
(can’t make their own food)
• Give off digestive enzymes from hyphae
• Absorb nutrients after they have been
broken down into smaller nutrients.
Many Fungi are Saprophytes
(Live Off of Dead Bodies)
•
•
•
•
Decomposers.
Get nutrients from dead organisms.
Compete with us for food.
When your leftovers get moldy, the fungi
are just doing their job – decaying already
dead food matter.
Some Fungi need living hosts
• Parasites
– Athlete’s foot
– Corn smut
• Mutualistic partners
– Both benefit
• Predators
– Trap and kill prey
Common Bread Mold
SPORANGIUM
STOLON
SPORES
SPORANGIOPHORE
RHIZOIDS
SOME FUNGI REPRODUCE
SEXUALLY
• Two hyphae fuse (+) and (-)
• Form a zygospore
• This will grow into a sporangium which
then releases spores.
FUNGI ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING
TO HOW THEY MAKE THEIR SPORES
• club fungi – mushrooms and puffballs
– Produce spores in clubs within gills
• Sac fungi – produce spores in little sacs
– Includes yeasts, powdery mildews, fungi in
most lichens, and morels
• Imperfect fungi
– Reproduce only asexually
– Includes athlete’s foot and ringworm
Effects of Fungi in the Biosphere
• Decomposition – recycle nutrients
• Often have symbiotic relationships with
other organisms - Lichens
• Provide plant roots with needed nutrients –
helps plant absorb more water and nutrients
while allowing the plant to grow better in
poor soils. Meanwhile, the fungus uses
some of the food made by the plant in
photosynthesis
Some produce plant diseases
• Rusts and smuts
• Rose mildew
Foods
• We eat some of them
raw and cooked……..
• Yeasts
• Flavor cheeses………..
Antibiotics
• Penicillin from Penicillium notatum
LARGE ZONE OF
INHIBITION AROUND
THE FUNGUS
THE END