KINGDOM FUNGI
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Transcript KINGDOM FUNGI
KINGDOM FUNGI:
Yeasts and warm Fuzzies
Eukaryotic
Most
terrestrial
Cell wall composed of chitin
(differs from plants)
Most multicellular
Five Phyla in total but three
major :
1. Zygomycetes:
moulds
2. Basidomycetes:
mushrooms
3. Ascomycetes:
yeasts
General Structure
Bodies composed of mesh-like network
of filaments called mycelium
Filaments are known as hyphae (pl) or
hypa (s)
Can have multiple nuclei per “cell”
Separated into cell-like
compartments by septa
Nutrition
heterotrophic (saprobes)
digest organic matter by excreting
enzymes into the environment
and then absorb the simple
products
store carbohydrates as glycogen
acidic conditions (pH 5 and 6)
some are parasitic
Reproduction - Asexual
hypha undergoes
fragmentation,
separates and
develops new
hypha and
mycelium
spores form along
the hypha, break
free and
germinate
Yeast reproduce by budding
Sexual
Hypha fuse to form a cell with two
nuclei (dikaryotic)
Each nuclei is haploid (n)
two cells fuse diploid cell (2n) then
undergoes meiosis haploid spores,
which then germinate
Symbiotic Relationships
Mycorrhizae fungi and plant roots:
Plant – provide sugars
Fungi – increase absorption of
nutrients to plant
Lichen
green algae or cyanobacteria (provide sugars)
and fungi (provide structural support, CO2 and
H2O)
soil, rocks, trees
plant succession; establish on rocks and
barren areas, help make basic soil
material
air quality monitors – indicate
pollutants
Importance
Decomposers of organic matter
Liberate nutrients and making available
to insects, worms, bacteria
“contamination
helpful”
blue cheese
penicillium species
antibiotics