Transcript Fungi - Ms. Marcos` Biology Wiki

Kingdom: Fungi
Domain Eukarya
Domain
Eubacteria
AP Biology
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
2007-2008
Common ancestor
General characteristics
 Classification criteria
eukaryotes
 heterotrophs

 feed by absorption

mostly multicellular
 except unicellular yeasts
cell wall
 sexual & asexual
reproduction So that’s 3 times

AP Biology
cell walls have evolved:
bacteria, fungi,
plants
Fungal Structure
 Fungal body

mycelium
 thread-like cells
 hyphae
 Cells

multiple nuclei
 Cell wall

chitin
 Many sugars + Nitrogen
 just like crab shells
AP Biology
Fungi live mostly underground
AP Biology
Internal structure
 Eukaryotic cells

long, thread-like cells
 filamentous

incomplete divisions
between cells
 septum

multiple nuclei
Aaaaah,
structure–function
relationship!
AP Biology
chitin cell wall
septum
pore
nuclei
Modes of Nutrition
 Heterotrophic
fungal hypha
secrete digestive enzymes
 feed by absorption

 parasites
 feeding on living creatures
plant cell
 predators
membrane
 paralyzing prey
 decomposers
 breakdown dead remains
AP Biology
Fungi live IN
their food!
It’s like you living
in Chocolate cake!
plant
cell wall
plant cell
Fungal Diversity
AP Biology
Fungi
Ecological Roles
 Decomposers

recycle nutrients
 Symbiotic Relationships

lichen
 fungi + algae
 pioneer species in ecosystems
 makes soil from bare rock

mycorrhizae
Lichens are fungi
that have discovered
agriculture!
 fungi + plants
 live in & amongst plant roots
 enables plants to absorb more water & nutrients
AP Biology
Mycorrhizae
 Critical role in plant growth

extends water & nutrient absorption of roots
without
mycorrhizae
Endomycorrhiza
AP Biology
Ectomycorrhiza
with
mycorrhizae
Reproduction Adult
Review
female
meiosis
male
mitosis &
maturation
diploid
2n
haploid (n)
Gametes
egg
sperm
Offspring
fertilization
mitosis &
development
AP Biology
Zygote
Fungi Reproduction
 Asexual

budding in yeast
 Sexual

spores
 spread by wind

joining of + & – haploid spores
haploid
spores
AP Biology
Zygomycete (Bread Mold) Life Cycle
spores
(haploid)
mating strain
hypha
sporangium
MEIOSIS
(2n)
diploid
AP Biology
(n)
haploid
FUSION of
+ and – gametangia
mating strain
Basidiomycete Life Cycle
gills lined
with basidia
fruiting body
basidium
(n + n)
dikaryotic
2n (diploid)
(n)
haploid
strain
AP Biology
FUSION of
and
hyphae
strain
zygote
MEIOSIS
spores
Fairy Rings
AP Biology
Importance of fungi to humans
 Food production
bread
 beer, wine

 Medicine production

antibiotics
penicillin
AP Biology
Dangerous Fungi
 Toxic to humans
Amanita muscaria
 Psilocybin mushrooms

 Biological warfare

AP Biology
Baked into bread?
Fungi and Plan Colombia
 Plan Colombia

Attempts to stop drug
smuggling from Colombia (both
by the USA and Colombia)

Idea: Spray parasitic fungi
spores to destroy coca plants
 Fuscarium oxysporum
 Many varieties, some with a
large host range
 See any problems with this
solution?
 Mutated fungi could destroy
tomato, peppers, corn...
AP Biology
 Testing in the US as of 2005
Any
Questions??
AP Biology