Transcript Seeds - Fulton County Schools

Warm up
Modern green algae
Bryophytes - mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms - conifers
Flowers
fruit
seeds
Vascular
tissue
Angiosperms – flowering plants
Leaves
Fungi have cell walls composed of chitin which is what
insects, crayfish, and other arthropods exoskeletons are
composed of.
The hyphae of some symbiotic fungi
become specialized for penetrating the
cells of the host. These hyphae are called
haustoria.
Most fungi do not have flagella in any phase of their life
cycle. They move toward food by growing toward it.
In America, a single individual fungus, was found to
cover 2,200 acres of land.
Both Plants and Fungi have
VASCLAR SYSTEMS
A way to move water & nutrients throughout the body.
Phloem-conducts carbohydrates
(sugars) from the leaves where they are
made out to the rest of the plant.
Xylem conducts water and
dissolved minerals up from roots
out to the plant.
Hyphae may or may not have septa. The septa of many species
have pores, which allows cytoplasm to flow freely from one cell to the
next. Cytoplasmic movement within the hypha provides a means
to transport of materials.
Inside Story
The plant Page 628 of green text book
1. On the top half of the next page in your BIN, draw a plant
2. Label the meristems, leaves, stem, and roots.
3. Draw a monocot leaf and a dicot leaf.
4. Below your picture describe the functions of the 4 tissue types,
Dermal, vascular, ground and meristem.
5. Answer the following questions…
1. What is special about the meristem?
2. How does food formed by photosynthesis in the leaves get
to the rest of the plant? Be sure to state what vascular tissue
transports the nutrients from the leaves.
Decomposers break down complex
molecules into sugars or consume
sugars found in environment
bread mold eat carbs in bread
shelf fungi on logs eat carbs
in cell wall of wood
white button mushrooms
in store eat sugars and
cellulose in dung
Symbiotic fungi receive their energy
directly from a plant or algal partner
Lichens contain algae
•The fungi provide structure and
retain water
•The algae “leak” carbohydrates
from their cells
Mycorrhizal fungi live on plant roots
•Can turn inorganic phosphorus &
nitrogen into forms usable by plants
•Expand the surface area of the plants
root system
•The plant provides carbohydrates
Fungi get carbon from organic sources
Hyphal tips release enzymes
Enzymatic breakdown of substrate
Products diffuse back into hyphae
Nucleus hangs back
and “directs”
Product diffuses back
into hypha and is used
Spores are reproductive cells
Sexual
Asexual
Directly on hyphae
Fruiting bodies
Amanita fruiting body
Penicillium hyphae
Rhixopus hyphae
germinating
spore
mycelium
Mycelium can be
huge but usually
escape notice
because they are
subterranean
Hyphal fusion of
haploid mycelia
haploid
mycelium
mycelium and
fruiting body have
2 haploid nuclei
Release of
haploid
spores
Meiosis
Nuclear fusion
in basidium
young basidia - the
only diploid cells
Fig 31.12
1. Grasp the cap of the mushroom on the paper towel in front of you
firmly with one hand and the stem with the other hand. Gently
wiggle and/or twist the stem until it breaks away from the cap.
2. Pinch the stem between your fingers until it breaks into two or
more long pieces. Gently pull the pieces apart. The thick, hair
like filaments you will see where you split the stem are the
hyphae. Place the stem section under the dissecting microscope
& examine the hyphae.
Cap
Stem
3. Look at the underside of the cap to study the gills. Each gill is lined with
thousands of small structures called basidia. Using your forceps, gently
remove one gill from the cap. You will get better results if you GENTLY
grasp the gill near where it attaches to the cap. Try to avoid touching
the free edge, the one along the bottom of the gill with your forceps.
4. Place the gill on a microscope slide and wet with a drop or two of water.
5. Place the slide on the dissecting microscope and examine the gill under
low power. Look at the edge of the gill that was not attached to the
mushroom and look for the little finger like projections. Switch to high
power. Look at the finger like projections under high power. These are
the basidia. If your mushroom is mature the basidia may have spores
attached to them.
6. After completing your observations, clean off your slide and microscope
and place them back like you found them. Wrap your mushroom pieces
in the paper towel and throw it in the large trash can in the back.
BIN on the odd numbered page opposite of the fungus Microviewer lab
1. Color the pictures.
2. Label the Gills, basidiospores, hypha, the new mycelium, mating type +
and mating type - on the picture. The Inside story on page 555 of the
green textbook may help with labeling.
3. Using a red pencil, circle the point(s) where the mushroom is haploid.
4. Using a purple pencil, circle the point(s) where the mushroom is
diploid having 2 haploid nuclei in each cell.
5. Using a blue pencil circle the point(s) when the mushroom is diploid.
6. Glue both pictures on the odd numbered page opposite the fungi micro
viewer lab in your BIN.
7. Answer the questions pertaining to the mushroom mini lab next to the
mushroom life cycle picture in your BIN.
8. Answer the questions pertaining to mushroom metabolism next to the
picture in your BIN
Use the following terms to fill in the concept map below.
Mosses, gymnosperms, vascular, lilies & grasses, seeded, ferns, dicot.
PLANTS
vascular
VASCULAR
NONVASCULAR
mosses,
Mosses
liverwort
seeded
Seed
Non Seed
ferns
ferns
gymnosperms
Gymnosperm
cone trees
Angiosperm
Monocot
Dicot
dicot
lilies &
grasses,
grasses
lillies
roses,
daisy,
shrubs, trees
The life cycle of most plants
alternates between two stages
or generations
n
n
spores
Fertilization
Gametophyte generation
• produces haploid spores
• all cells of this plant are haploid
2n
zygote
meiosis
n
n
spores
Fertilization
Sporophyte generation
•produces diploid spores
•all cell of this plant are diploid
•spores are produced by meiosis
2n
n
meiosis
zygote
n
spores
Gametophyte
Haploid reproductive phase
Female or male plant
Sporophyte
Grow low to the ground in damp
places because they need water so
that the sperm can swim to the egg.
Diploid reproductive phase
Produces spore thru meiosis
Sorus (sori)
Cluster of
sporangia (spore
making organ
where meiosis
occurs)
Found on back of
leaflet
Zygote
Diploid organism produced
with fertilization
Megaspore
Female spore that
becomes the female
gametophyte or egg
Microspore
Male spore that
becomes the male
gametophyte or
pollen grain
Zygote develops into embryo inside
the ovule as the seed matures
When female cone matures
it opens and releases seeds
Some animals will break cone
open and eat the seeds
Wind can also
disperse the
seeds
Seeds:
protective covering
& contain food Fruits:
for the
animals eat
developing
them and
disperse seeds
embryo
Flowers:
attract pollinators
with bright colors,
scent, and/or
nectar
Inside Story The Parts of a Flower Page 665
Draw a flower and label the petals, stigma, style, ovary/ovule,
filament, anther, pollen grains, and sepals –
Use a pink pencil to color all parts of the female reproductive system
in your drawing.
Use a blue pencil to color all parts of the male reproductive system in
your drawing.
Answer the following questions below your drawing.
1.What is the female reproductive system called?
2.What is the male reproductive sytem called?
3.Why is the stigma sticky?
4.Which part of the flower becomes the fruit?
5.How are different flower shapes, colors, and scents important to the
plant’s survival?
6.Is the flower you drew from a monocot or dicot? How do know? Hint it
has to do with the number of petals.
Your flower self pollinates. Use a black pencil to trace the path of a
pollen grain.
In water, carbon dioxide dissolves to form a weak acid. As a result,
an acid-base indicator such as bromothymol blue can be used to
indicate the presence of carbon dioxide.
In this laboratory investigation, you will use bromthymol blue to
observe the effects of photosynthesis.
1. Using the straw GENTLY blow one lung full of air into
the test tube containing bromthymol blue.
2. Put approximately 3cm sprig of elodea into the test
tube.
3. Place the test tube in the test tube rack under the light.
4. Turn the light on. If necessary, adjust the lamp so that
it is shining directly on the test tube.
plants use
to make
glucose in a process called
How does the BTB indicate CO2 is present in the water?
How is the glucose made by plants used by
plants and animals as a source of energy?
To release the energy contained in the bonds of
glucose, the glucose must be converted to
. The
process by which
is made from glucose is called
cellular respiration.
Can photosynthesis occur without sunlight?
Explain the following statement:
• Sunlight is to a plant like
gasoline is to a car.
What happens when the sun goes down?
In your BIN:
1. Below your hypothesis write background information
(learned in this class discussion) that explains
photosynthesis.
2. Next, examine your test tubes.
3. Write down your observations. Has there been in
change? Be descriptive.
4. Finally, write a conclusion which briefly explains what
was done in this experiment, what the results are and
why these results occurred. Finish your conclusion with
what you might expect to happen in your test tube if it
were left in the dark over night. Explain your prediction.