Transcript Joints

JOINTS

Joints and their classification
 bony
joints
 fibrous joints
 cartilaginous joints

Synovial joints
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JOINTS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Arthrology = study of the joints
 Kinesiology = study of musculoskeletal
movement
 Classified by freedom of movement

 diarthrosis
(freely movable)
 amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
 synarthrosis (little or no movement)

Classified how adjacent bones are joined
 fibrous,
cartilaginous, bony or synovial
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BONY JOINT (SYNOSTOSIS)
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Gap between two bones ossifies
 frontal
and mandibular bones in infants
 cranial sutures in elderly
 attachment of first rib and sternum

Can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint
7-3
FIBROUS JOINTS (SYNARTHROSIS)
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Collagen fibers span the space between
bones
 sutures,
gomphoses and syndesmoses
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FIBROUS JOINT -- SUTURES
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Immovable fibrous joints
 bind skull bones together
Serrate - interlocking lines
 coronal, sagittal and lambdoid
sutures
Lap - overlapping beveled edges
 temporal and parietal bones
Plane - straight, nonoverlapping
edges
 palatine processes of the
maxillae
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FIBROUS JOINT -- GOMPHOSES
Attachment of a tooth to its socket
 Held in place by fibrous periodontal
ligament

 collagen
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fibers attach tooth to jawbone
Some movement while chewing
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FIBROUS JOINT -- SYNDESMOSIS

Two bones bound by ligament only
 interosseus
membrane
Most movable of fibrous joints
 Interosseus membranes unite
radius to ulna and tibia to fibula

7-7
CARTILAGINOUS JOINT -- SYNCHONDROSIS
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Bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
 rib
attachment to sternum
 epiphyseal plate in children binds
epiphysis and diaphysis
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CARTILAGINOUS JOINT -- SYMPHYSIS

2 bones joined by fibrocartilage
 pubic

symphysis and intervertebral discs
Only slight amount of movement is possible
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SYNOVIAL JOINT
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Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called
a joint cavity
Most are freely movable
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GENERAL ANATOMY
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Articular capsule encloses joint cavity
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Synovial fluid = slippery fluid; feeds cartilages
Articular cartilage = hyaline cartilage covering
the joint surfaces
Articular discs and menisci
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continuous with periosteum
lined by synovial membrane
jaw, wrist, sternoclavicular and knee joints
absorbs shock, guides bone movements and
distributes forces
Tendon attaches muscle to bone
Ligament attaches bone to bone
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TENDON SHEATHS AND BURSAE
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Bursa = saclike extension of joint capsule

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between nearby structures so slide more easily past each other
Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with
synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon
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RANGE OF MOTION
Degrees through which a joint can move
 Determined by

 structure
of the articular surfaces
 strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons and
capsule
 stretching
of ligaments increases range of motion
 double-jointed people have long or slack ligaments
 action
of the muscles and tendons
 nervous
system monitors joint position and muscle tone
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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
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