Transcript Chap 8 Joints

Read Chap 8. Review
all notes & diagrams.
Finish the last slide –
the six types of synovial
joints.
Chap 8 Joints
Learning Objectives:
1.
Explain an articulation (joint).
2.
Classify joints based on structure and function.
Describe their characteristics.
3.
Demonstrate common body movements.
4.
Identify and describe the main joints of the elbow, knee,
hip, and shoulder.
5.
Explain the basis of common joint injuries such as
rotator cuff injury.
Shoulder Problems: What’s Going On?
• A patient presents will extreme pain in the shoulder area,
mobility is limited, and rest/ ice have not improved the
situation over time. After thorough examination, it is
determined that the patient’s cartilage is badly torn.
Rotator cuff surgery is required:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=274839917916
9714896
Review
• What is an articulation?
An articulation is also known as a
_________.
What are sutures (as in the coronal
suture)?
Joints
• Weakest parts of the skeleton
• Two functions of joints
– Give the skeleton _________
– Hold the skeleton __________
Classification of Joints: Functional
• Functional classification is based on the amount
of ________ allowed by the joint
• The three functional classes of joints are:
– Synarthroses – __________
– Amphiarthroses – ___________
– Diarthroses – ___________
Fibrous Joints
•
•
•
•
The bones are joined by _______ tissues
There is no joint _______
Most are ____________
There are three types:
1. sutures (Example: seams in the skull)
2. syndesmoses (bones connected by
____________) Example: ligament connecting
the distal ends of the tibia and fibula
3. gomphoses (____ -in-socket type of fibrous
joint) Example: peridontal ligament
Cartilaginous Joints
• Articulating bones are united by ________
• Lack a joint ______
• Two types:
1. synchondroses – bar or plate of cartilage
(Example: immoveable joint between the
coastal cartilage of the first rib and
manubrium)
2. symphyses – articular surfaces of bones covered with
hyaline cartlage which in turn is fused to a __________
pad (or plate) of ______________.
Example: intervertebral joints
Synovial Joints
Those joints in which the
articulating bones are separated
by a ____________ joint cavity.
All are _______ movable
Examples – all limb joints, and
most joints of the body
All have the following:
a. Articular cartilage
b. Joint (synovial) cavity
c. Articular capsule
d. ___________ fluid
e. Reinforcing ____________
Friction-Reducing Structures in
Synovial Joints
• _________ – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial
membranes and containing synovial fluid
• Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or
bones rub together
• ____________ – elongated bursa that wraps completely
around a tendon
Review of Joints (Thus Far)
• See handout
• Estimated Time of completion = 8- 10 minutes
• Will check answers
Synovial Joints: Movement
• The two muscle attachments across a joint
are:
1. ________ – attachment to the immovable
bone
2. _________ – attachment to the movable
bone
Synovial Joint: Range of Motion
•
•
•
•
________ – slipping movements only
________ – movement in one plane
_______ – movement in two planes
_______ – movement in or around all
three planes
There are also 3 general types of
movements: _______, _______, and
rotation
Gliding
One flat bone surface _______ or slips over another
similar surface
Examples – intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and
between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae
Angular
• _______ — bending movement that decreases
the angle of the joint
• _________ — reverse of flexion; joint angle is
increased
• _________ and plantar flexion — up and down
movement of the foot
• ________ — movement away from the midline
• ________ — movement toward the midline
• __________ — movement describes a cone in
space
Angular continued
Angular continued
Angular continued
Rotation
• The turning of a
bone around its own
long _____
• Examples
– Between first two
vertebrae
– Hip and shoulder
joints
Special Movements
• Supination and pronation
Special Movements continued
• Inversion and eversion
Special Movements continued
• Protraction and retraction
Special Movements continued
• Elevation and depression
Special Movements continued
• Opposition
Partner Activity
• Quickly pair with a partner.
• Each person should demonstrate the
motions on the previous 9 slides to their
partner. Switch off.
Types of Synovial Joints
Using pages 233 – 235 as a guide name,
describe and site examples of the six types
of synovial joints:
1.
2.
**Homework
3.
4.
5.
6.