Transcript Arthrology

Arthrology
Study of Joints
Structural Joint
Classifications
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Based on anatomical characteristics
Presence/absence of joint cavity
 Type of connective tissue that binds them
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Types
Fibrous joint
 Cartilaginous joint
 Synovial joint
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Fibrous Joints
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Lacks a synovial cavity
Bones are held together by fibrous
connective tissue
Permit little to no movement
Types
– Sutures
– Syndesmoses
– Gomphoses
Cartilaginous Joints
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Lacks a synovial cavity
Allows little or no movement
Types
– Synchondroses
– Symphyses
Synovial Joints
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Joint cavity present
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
– Synovial membrane
– Fibrous membrane
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Synovial fluid
Ligaments
– Intracapsular
– Extracapsular
Types of synovial joints
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Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Saddle joint
Pivot joint
Gliding joint
Condyloid joint
Functional Joint
Classifications
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Based on type of movement they permit
Types
– Synarthrosis-Immoveable joint
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Sutures
– Amphiarthrosis-Slightly moveable joint
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Intervertebral joints
– Diarthrosis-Freely moveable joint
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Shoulder, knee
Synarthrodial Joint
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Immovable joint
Fibrous joint which can attenuate force
with little or no movement
Examples
– Sutures
– Syndesmoses: radioulnar, tibiofibular
Synarthrodial Examples
Amphiarthrodial Joint
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Cartilagenous joint which attenuates
forces
Examples
– Synchondroses: SC Joint
– Symphysis: Vertebral Joint, Pubic
symphysis
Amphiarthroidal
Examples
Diarthrodial Joint
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Provides mobility by permitting one
body segment to rotate about another.
Transmits forces from one segment to
another.
Diarthrodial Joint
Anatomy
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Articular Cartilage
Articular Capsule
– Fibrous membrane
– Synovial membrane
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Synovial Fluid
Ligament
Diarthroidal Examples
Diarthroidal Examples ctd
Stability
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Maintaining Joint integrity
Provided By:
Joint construction
 Ligaments
 Capsule
 Tendons
 Gravity
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Flexibility
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The range of movement within a joint.
Affected By:
Shape of the articular surface
 Muscle mass
 Bony blocks
 Muscle length/flexibility
 Ligament length/flexibility
 Age
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Range of Motion (ROM)
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Types:
– AROM
– PROM
Levers
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Any elongated, rigid object that
rotates around a fixed pointed called a
fulcrum.
Rotation occurs when an effort applied
to one point on the lever overcomes a
resistance located at some other point.
Lever Components
Levers and Mechanical
Advantage
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The function of a lever is to impart an
advantage.
Advantages can be either:
– Exert more force against a resisting
object than the force applied to the lever,
for example: moving a boulder with a
crowbar.
– Move the resisting object farther and
faster than the effort arm is moving.
Classes of Levers
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Determined by which component
(fulcrum, effort, resistance) is in the
middle
Class I:
 Class II:
 Class III:
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Balance
Strength
Speed/ROM
1st Class Lever Examples
2nd Class Lever Examples
3rd Class Levers Examples