Transcript Gerunds - GEOCITIES.ws

Gerunds
1. As Nouns for Activities: smoking, reading,
swimming
 E.g. I like reading and swimming.
2. After Prepositions: on, at, in,
E.g. I’m good at teaching but
my son is not interested in doing
homework.

How about
TO:
I like to swim this Sunday.
I am used to swimming on Sundays.
Other e.g.s
Looking forward to + ing
e.g. I’m looking forward to seeing you.
Accustomed to + ing
3. After Expressions:
a) It/there is no use/good
e.g. The last bus has gone. It is no use waiting
at the bus stop now.
b) Is there any sense/use (Questions)
e.g. Is there any sense crying over split milk?
c) Be worth (Be = is/am/are/was/were etc.)
e.g. It is worth studying hard. You will get
good results in return.
d) Can’t help/can’t stand
e.g. After knowing the bad news, she can’t
help crying.
 BUT: She can’t help but cry
(bare inf.)
Bare Infinitives
1. After Modal Verbs:
Must/may/might/can/could/should/will/
would/shall/have to/ought to
e.g. You ought to study hard if you want to
get good results in exams.
2. After Make/let
e.g. I’ve failed today’s test and my teacher
made me take my re-test tomorrow after
school.
e.g. My mother lets me come home later
tonight.
3. After would rather
I’m very tired, so I would rather go home to
have a sleep now than to go to the concert.
4. After had better
You had better study hard now
if you really want to go to
university.
5. After Verbs of Perceptions: (Infinitive or
Gerund)
See/watch/observe
@@Eyes@@
e.g. I saw her cross the road.
I saw her crossing the road.
Hear/listen @@Ears@@
e.g. I heard somebody shout/shouting outside
Smell @@Nose@@
e.g. I could smell something burn/burning
Feel/notice
e.g. I felt/noticed somebody enter/entering
the house
Differences between Gerund
and Infinitive Uses in the
above

Verb+Bare Infinitive normal situations
 Verb+-ing  emphasise the on-going of
the action seen, heard etc.
e.g. I saw her cross the road and turned left
Vs. I saw her crossing the road when the car
knocked her down.
Ger-In Cases
Stop
Stop + -ing Stop what one is doing
e.g. The driver stopped repairing the car and
drove away.
1.
Stop + To-inf. stop what one is doing to do to do
the thing in the infinitive
e.g. The driver stopped to examine the car.
2. Try
Try +-ing  doing something to see what
will happen
e.g. She tried sending him chocolates but he
did not respond.
Try + To-Infinitive  trying to do
something difficult, may not be successful
e.g. She tried to open the can but failed.
3. Remember/forget/regret
Remember/forget/regret+-ingfor PAST
actions & events
e.g. I regret being too kind to my students.
They do not pay attention to my lesson now.
e.g. I remember closing all the doors and
windows before I left home yesterday.
Remember/forget/regret + To-infinitive
 What one has to do (now or in future)
e.g. I’ll remember to return the books to the
library tomorrow.
e.g. I regret to inform you that you are not
accepted by our company.
4. Like/love/hate/prefer
Like/love/hate/prefer+-ingGeneral Case,
something true for the past time long
before now
e.g. I like swimming and cycling
Like/love/hate/prefer+ To-inf.refers to a
particular/special occasion
e.g. I usually go cycling on Sundays but for
this Sunday, I’d like to play rugby.
5. Allow/advise/forbid/permit
Allow/advise/forbid/permit + -ing followed
by verbs (no personal objects)
e.g. We don’t allow smoking here.
Like/love/hate/prefer + To-inf.followed by
persons (nouns), not verbs
e.g. We don’t allow people (personal object)
to smoke here.
6. Need/require/want/deserve
Like/love/hate/prefer + -ing Passive
meaning
e.g. My hair needs cutting = My hair needs to
be cut by the hair-stylist
(my hair can’t cut itself)
e.g. The flowers need watering = The flowers
need to be watered by the gardeners