Transcript Ch7

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Grammar & Usage
Grammar & Usage
Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive
or -ing
7.1
Uses
7.2
to-infinitive or -ing
Grammar Practice
Part A
Part B
Language Practice
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part C
Part D
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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Grammar & Usage
7.1 Uses
 We can use either a to-infinitive or -ing after the
following verbs, without changing meaning.
start
continue
begin
intend
like
love
propose
prefer
advise
bear
hate
recommend
bother
permit
allow
Teacher’s notes
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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Grammar & Usage
to-infinitive
We were about to leave when it started
to rain.
raining.
-ing
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
We do not normally use the -ing after the
continuous forms of begin, start and continue (to
avoid having two -ing endings).
 Correct:
It’s starting to rain.

It’s starting raining.
Wrong:
We also use the infinitive form of the verbs like
understand, know, realise, like, admire after start,
begin and continue.
After working with him for some time, I
began to admire his flexibility.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
2
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
We most often use the to-infinitive after would like.
I would like to read the novel.
3
It is more common to use a to-infinitive after prefer.
She doesn’t like meetings in the morning.
She prefers to have them in the evening.
We also use prefer in these structures:
He prefers going for a swim to playing
tennis.
He prefers to go for a swim than to play
tennis.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
When we talk about what we would prefer to do in a
particular situation, we use would prefer + toinfinitive.
A: It’s hot. Let’s go out for a cold drink.
B: I’d prefer to stay at home and have a
drink.
Compare: I’d rather stay at home and
have a drink.
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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
4
Grammar & Usage
When verbs such as advise and allow are followed
by a personal object (me, us, etc.), they require the
use of the to-infinitive. Without the personal object,
the gerund is used.
He advised
buying
us to buy
They won’t allow
an Octopus card.
parking
us to park
here.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 We can use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without to)
or verb + -ing after see, notice, watch, observe, hear,
overhear, feel, etc. if the action is in progress.
I saw him talking on the phone, so I thought I’d
better wait.
We use the bare infinitive when we see, hear, etc.
an action from beginning to end.
People rushed to help the old man when
they saw him fall into the water.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
7.2 to-infinitive or -ing
The verbs below may be followed by the to-infinitive or -ing,
depending on the meaning we want to express.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 remember/forget
We use the -ing when we remember/forget something
after we do it.
I remember meeting you at John’s party last
month.
We use the to-infinitive when we remember/forget
something before we have to do it.
I must remember to post the letter for you on
my way to school tomorrow.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 try
When we try to do something, we make an effort to do
it.
Tom:
You’re late.
Pat:
Sorry. I tried to get a taxi, but I couldn’t.
When we try doing something, we do it and see what
happens.
Tom: I can’t get this price sticker off my new mug.
Pat: Why don’t you try soaking the mug in water?
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 stop
If we stop doing something, we no longer do it.
When the teacher came in, the students stopped
talking.
If we stop to do something, we stop what we are doing
so that we can do something else.
While on his way to work, he stopped to buy a
newspaper.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 go on (= continue)
We use go on + -ing to describe something that continues.
We told him to take a rest, but he wouldn’t listen.
He went on painting the flat until he finished the
whole thing.
We use go on + to-infinitive to describe a change.
After he finished the living room, he went on to
paint the bedroom.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 regret
We use regret + -ing to show that we feel sorry
for something we did.
I didn’t mean to hurt her. I regret shouting at
her.
We use regret + to-infinitive when we are sorry for
what we must do now.
I regret to inform you that you have not been
chosen for the position.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 mean
When we use mean to show something will result in
something else, we use the -ing form after the verb.
We can’t afford to miss the ferry. It’ll mean
waiting another half an hour.
We use mean + to-infinitive to say that we intend to do
something.
I meant to call you last night, but I forgot.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 afraid
We use be afraid of + -ing when we are afraid
there is a possibility that the action in the gerund will
happen.
I don’t like climbing. I’m afraid of falling.
We use be afraid + to-infinitive to say that we do not
have the courage to do something because of the results
that the action in the infinitive may bring about.
I’m afraid to ask her again for help. She may
get angry.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 sorry
We use sorry + for + -ing to apologise for something we
have done.
I’m sorry for being late. I was held up in a traffic
jam.
We use sorry + to hear, learn, see, read, etc. to show
sympathy for somebody.
We’re sorry to hear that your apartment was
broken into.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 sorry
We use sorry + to-infinitive before we do something as
a polite way of excusing ourselves.
I’m sorry to bother you, but could you please
tell me how to get to the MTR station?
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 interested
We use interested in doing something when we are
eager to do it.
Many of my classmates are interested in
learning Japanese.
We say interested to know, learn, see, hear something
when we want to find out more.
Tell me about your plan. I’m interested to hear
more about it.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
 be used to
We use be used to + -ing to mean ‘be accustomed to’. We
can use this phrase with different tenses.
After living here for some time, Mr Brown is now
used to driving on the left.
When Mr Brown first came to Hong Kong, he
was not used to driving on the left.
We use used + to-infinitive for former habits.
Mrs Tam used to drive a school bus before she
retired.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
1 We can say get (= become) used to instead of be
used to.
Having lived here for a few months, Mr
Brown has now got used to driving on the
left.
2 We can also use a pronoun, a noun or noun
phrase after be/get used to:
I’ve lived in Canada for years, but I’m still
not used to the cold weather.
Jane sometimes does things on impulse.
You’ll get used to it.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Grammar Practice
Use either the infinitive or the gerund form of the given
verbs to complete the following sentences. Where two
answers are possible, write ONE answer only. The first one
has been done for you.
Teacher’s notes
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
I hope he will remember ____ (bring)
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
(1)
to bring
_____________
the novel when he comes this evening.
2
After dinner, Mary continued ____ (do)
to do/doing
(2) _____________
her homework.
3
It’s very kind of you to offer me a lift,
walk/walking
(3) to
_____________
but I’d prefer ____ (walk) home. It’s
such a beautiful day!
4
Would you like ____ (listen) to some
music?
to listen
(4) _____________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
5
Do you like ____ (play) chess?
to play/playing
(5) _____________
6
I’d like ____ (travel) to Europe one day.
to travel
(6) _____________
7
It won’t take you long to get used to
working
(7) _____________
____ (work) with your new colleagues.
8
I can’t wait ____ (see) her again.
to see
(8) _____________
9
When will he start ____ (teach) you
to teach/
teaching
(9) _____________
how to use the computer?
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
10 My sister went to university, and I hope
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
to go
(10) ____________
____ (go) too.
11 I can’t imagine ____ (stand) on top of
standing
(11) ____________
that tall building. I’d feel dizzy.
12 Do you remember when we went ____
cycling
(12) ____________
(cycle) around Tai Po last year? What a
wonderful time we had!
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Complete the following dialogues using either the infinitive
or gerund form of the verbs in the box below. Where either
form would be acceptable, write BOTH. The first one has
been done for you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: I’m bored. Let’s go out for a walk.
to rain
B: It’s beginning _________________
. We’d better
wait until it stops.
2
A: How do you know Jane won’t be there?
tell
B: I heard her _________________
Tony.
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BOX
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
3
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: Do you know why John and Mary broke up?
seeing
B: No, all I know is that they’ve stopped _____________
each other.
4
A: I’m going to Guangzhou next week. Would you
recommend going by plane or train?
taking
B: I’d recommend your _________________
the train.
It’s cheaper and quite comfortable.
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BOX
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
5
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: Climbing that mountain will be hard work.
to try
B: I know, but I’d like _________________
.
6
A: Let’s buy some peanuts for the monkeys.
to feed
B: But they don’t allow us _________________
the
animals.
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BOX
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
7
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: There’s no one in the office.
to work
B: It’s lunchtime. The staff will return _______________
after their break.
8
A: Why didn’t you buy a new car?
spending
B: Because it meant _________________
more than I can
afford.
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BOX
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
9
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: When will the replacement teacher start?
to teach/teaching
B: I think he’ll start ________________________
us next
week.
10 A: Did you manage to persuade Jane to give up on the
idea?
to explain/explaining
B: No. I tried __________________________
the risk to
her, but she wouldn’t change her mind.
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BOX
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Read the first sentence of each question, then complete the
second sentence. Make sure you retain the original meaning.
The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Will you please wait a moment?
waiting a moment?
Would you mind _________________________________
_______________________________________________
2
Their proposal is worthy of consideration.
considering.
Their proposal is worth ____________________________
_______________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
3
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
The minister failed to bring inflation under control.
in bringing inflation
The minister did not succeed _______________________
under control.
_______________________________________________
4
He made the same mistake.
making the same mistake.
He kept ________________________________________
_______________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
5
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Paul does not write to her anymore.
writing to her.
Paul has stopped _________________________________
_______________________________________________
6
The suspect said that he did not commit the crime.
having committed the crime/
The suspect denied _______________________________
committing the crime.
_______________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
7
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Jessica hates to wear jeans on a hot day.
to wear/wearing jeans on a hot
Jessica does not like _______________________________
day.
_______________________________________________
8
Is she able to handle difficult customers?
of handling difficult customers?
Is she capable ___________________________________
_______________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
9
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
I hate hearing her say such things.
to hear her say such things/hearing
I can’t bear _____________________________________
her say such things.
_______________________________________________
10 ‘I stole the car.’
having stolen the car/stealing the car
‘I admit ________________________________________
_______________________________________ .’
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Language Practice
Match the half-sentences in Column A with those in Column
B. Each letter in Column B can be used only ONCE. The
first one has been done for you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Column A
1
My mother is good
G
_________
2
When I saw the photo, I couldn’t help
F
_________
3
After finishing school he intends
E
_________
4
My brother doesn’t mind
A
_________
5
My grandmother prefers travelling by train
H
_________
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COLUMN B
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Column A
6
My mother likes
B
_________
7
After finishing the novel she went on
D
_________
8
After they’d been working for three hours,
they stopped
C
_________
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COLUMN B
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Read the first sentence then complete the second. The first
one has been done for you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
to see a
Janet has a nasty cold. We’ve advised her ______________
doctor immediately
_________________________
.
2
stay
It’s still raining. Instead of going outside, I’d rather ______
home and watch TV
___________________________
.
3
to talk to her
Is Miss Chan in, please? I’d like ____________________
.
4
to be
The man is still in hospital. He’s suspected _____________
suffering from food poisoning
____________________________________
.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
5
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
to wait for
I hardly ever go to the cinema. I prefer ________________
films to come out on DVD
______________________________________
.
6
The doctor said I was unfit. He recommended that I
exercise regularly
________________________
.
7
suffering
My grandma is in poor health. She’s been ______________
from arthritis .
_________________
8
leaving them on
I can’t find my keys. I remember _____________________
the table
__________________
, but they aren’t there now.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Your friend (A) is telling you something. Respond to your
friend’s statements below by using the words in brackets to
complete the sentence. The first one has been done for you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
1
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: The light was on when I got up this morning. (turn off/
it/last night)
to turn it off
B: Your brother must have forgotten _________________
last night.
___________________________________________
2
A: Carol missed the chance of meeting him. (not/go/party)
not having gone to
B: I know. She now regrets _______________________
the party/not going to the party.
___________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
3
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: I was annoyed by her remark. (hurt/you)
to hurt you.
B: She didn’t mean _____________________________
___________________________________________
4
A: My MP3 player isn’t working. (change/batteries)
changing the batteries?
B: Have you tried _______________________________
___________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
5
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: She said that she had explained the details to you in
her email. (receive/email)
receiving an email/having
B: I don’t remember ______________________________
received an email from her in the past few weeks.
____________________
6
A: Linda told me she didn’t know anything about the
picnic. (contact/her)
to contact her
B: I’ve tried _____________________________________
several times, but each time she was out.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
7 A: You don’t seem to get along with Helen. (difficult/
understand/her)
it difficult to understand
B: I’ve always found ____________________________
her/her difficult to understand.
___________________________________________
Teacher’s notes
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
8
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
A: You should have told Thomas to behave himself.
(hurt/feelings)
of hurting his feelings/to hurt
B: I was afraid _________________________________
his feelings.
___________________________________________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Read the news report then complete the conversation
between Mr and Mrs Chan on the following page, using ONE
suitable word for each blank. The first one has been done for
you as an example.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Serial Housebreaker Sentenced to 41/2 Years
A serial housebreaker has been jailed for four
years and six months. Lau Wing Tai, 37, who
pleaded guilty in the District Court to three
counts of burglary, broke into three housing
estate apartments between November 23 and
December 9 last year. The court was told that
Lau stole jewellery from a flat in Ho Man Tin.
Two weeks later he stole cash from a flat in
Cheung Sha Wan while the occupants were
sleeping. Two days later he entered a flat in
Hunghom, and once again stole jewellery. 
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
In a café
Mrs Chan Look at this; it (1) that a man
says
(1) ____________
who (2) burglary in three housing
committed
(2) ____________
estates has been (3) to prison.
sent
(3) ____________
Mr Chan That’s good news, isn’t it?
Mrs Chan Indeed it is! I hope they’ll soon
catch
(4) ____________
(4) the man who (5) into the flat
broke
(5) ____________
below ours, too.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Mr Chan You mean Mrs Chow’s?
Mrs Chan Yes. The burglar’s said to have
(6) off with all her life savings.
Mr Chan So I heard. I (7) so sorry for her.
made
(6) ____________
feel
(7) ____________
She’s old and weak, and she has
no one to look (8) her.
after
(8) ____________
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Mrs Chan It always makes me (9) sad
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
feel
(9) ____________
whenever I think (10) people like
about
(10) ____________
her. By the way, speaking (11)
of
(11) ____________
burglary, did you remember to lock
the door when we went out?
Mr Chan Yes, I remember (12) it and (13)
locking
(12) ____________
handing
(13) ____________
the key to you.
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Mrs Chan You did? Let me (14) . The key
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
check/see
(14) ____________
isn’t in my bag.
Mr Chan But I saw you (15) the key in
put
(15) ____________
your bag. (16) your bag again. It
Check
(16) ____________
must (17) there.
be
(17) ____________
Mrs Chan No, it isn’t. Did you really give
it to me?
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Unit 7 Verb + to-infinitive/bare infinitive or -ing
Mr Chan Yes, I ... (18) a minute. You went
DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Grammar & Usage
Wait
(18) ____________
to the bathroom just now. Could
you have (19) it in there?
Mrs Chan If I had, I’d have heard it (20) on
dropped
(19) ____________
fall/drop
(20) ____________
the ground.
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