Transcript The Futures – units 4 and 5 of grammar books

The Futures – units 4 and 5
of grammar books
Old futures and new futures…
Expressing predictions (pages 72-73)
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When based on guesswork, analysis or judgement use will/won’t:
I think I’ll pass this exam.
If there is evidence in the present to justify the prediction, use be
going to:
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
To express a temporary action in progress at a particular point in
the future use future continuous (will + be + ..ing):
This time next Tuesday afternoon I’ll be lying on the beach.
Use will/won’t have + past participle (the future perfect) to make
predictions about actions which we expect to be completed by a
particular time in the future:
He’ll have had the operation by May and should be a lot fitter then.
Decisions and intentions (pages 73-74)
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Use will/won’t + bare infinitive to talk about a
decision made at the time of speaking
Use be going to + infinitive for actions that
have already been decided on:
He’s going to study environmental law next
year.
Arrangements (page 74)
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Use the present continuous to describe an event in
the future which has already been arranged by the
time of speaking:
We’re seeing a musical at the theatre next week.
We can also use will/won’t + verb + -ing (the future
continuous) to talk about events that are a result of
or part of an arrangement made in the past:
Trains won’t be running between East Putney and
Putney Bridge this weekend due to essential track
repairs.
Other future meanings (page 75)
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Use of present simple to talk about timetabled events
Use of will/won’t be + verb + -ing for future events we see as
certain because they are part of a routine, such as a festival:
Winston will be performing with his steel band every night of the
music festival.
 Use of certain adverbs such as definitely, certainly, probably,
possibly to make predictions stronger or weaker.
 Use of an introductory verb for example, hope, expect, promise,
to show our attitude to a future event
 Use of present form in time clauses (when, after, as soon as,
once, until) to indicate a future meaning:
Won’t the park look good once the new trees reach maturity?
Expressions with future meaning (pages
80-81)
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Use of be to + infinitive to talk about official arrangements in the
future: The President is to hold an official reception for the
visitors.
This is typical of newspaper articles.
Use of be due to to talk about an event which forms part of a
timetable, although it is possible that the timetable may change:
Road repairs are due to start on 26 th May.
Use of be about to to talk about an event that we intend or expect
to happen in the near future and may or may not be planned,
although evidence in the present indicates that it will happen:
Please take your seats. The performance is about to start.
Use of be likely to + infinitive to say that something in the future
is probable: The payment is likely to take ten days.
Verbs with future meanings(page 81)
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Some verbs contain an implied future in their
meaning: decide, hope, intend, promise,
swear to…/ anticipate, predict, envisage –ing/
arrange, expect, guarantee, plan, undertake
to…
Many modal verbs can refer to the future,
usually expressing a degree of possibility or
probability: may, might, should..
Future in the past (page 82)
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Use of was/were going to to describe an
unfulfilled action: I was going to get up early
this morning but the alarm didn’t go off!
Other ways include: past continuous, would,
would be + - ing, would have + pp, was/were
about to/due to, was/were to…