Transcript FUTURE FORMS

FUTURE FORMS
A brief overview
Which tenses/forms do we use to
express FUTURE in English?
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will/shall
be going to
Present continuous
Present simple
Future continuous
Future perfect
“WILL/SHALL” future tense
will/shall
+ infinitive
without
to
• Form:Form:
will/shall
+ infinitive
without
to
• WILL is used with all persons
I’ll/He’ll/She’ll come soon.
Will you get me that pill?
It probably won’t snow tomorrow.
We’ll/They’ll help you.
• SHALL is used with I and we mainly to express
suggestions.
Shall I close the door?
Shall we go to the theatre tonight?
WILL is used:
•
to talk about FUTURE opinions, beliefs, hopes,
predictions (I’ll probably come later. I don’t think I’ll go out.)
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to express offers, promises, requests, agreements,
refusals (I won’t tell anybody. Will you shut the door, please?)
•
to express decisions made at the time of speaking (“Did
you call Mom?” “I forgot. I’ll call her now.”)
•
in first conditional sentences (If she phones, I’ll tell you.)
“GOING TO” future
Form: be + going + to infinitive
• Form: be + going + to infinitive
+
?
I’m going to travel round the world.
He isn’t going to study much.
Are you going to be back soon?
GOING TO is used:
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to say what we have already decided to do, what we
intend to do in the FUTURE. (intentions, plans)
(I’ve heard you’re going to travel round the world.)
•
to talk about predictions => when we can for example
see or feel now that something will happen in the
future
(I’m going to be sick. => I feel really bad now.)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS is used:
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to say what someone has arranged to do – for
example, arranged to meet someone, arranged to
travel somewhere. We usually need a time adverbial.
(=> “personal arrangements or appointments” which
may be written in a diary)
(I’m travelling to Dublin on Saturday. What are you doing tonight?
I’m seeing my brother at the weekend.)
PRESENT SIMPLE is used:
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to talk about FUTURE events based on timetables,
programmes or events in the calendar. (=> “official
arrangements”)
(My plane takes off at 7:30 tomorrow. Does the film start at 4.30 or
5.30? The bus leaves at 8.)
PRESENT SIMPLE is used:
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after if, unless, in case, as soon as, before, after, by
the time, the next time, till, until, when, etc. where we
may expect a simple future (=>First Conditional, Time
clauses)
(Wait, until you’re called. If it rains, I’ll stay at home.)
NOTE:
•
If we want to emphasize the fact that an activity will be finished
before the other one happens we can use the PRESENT
PERFECT instead of the Present Simple.
(I’ll help you as soon as I’ve finished the washing up.
You’ll feel better after you’ve had something to eat.)
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
• Form:
will +will
be++be
-ing
of the
Form:
+ form
-ing form
ofverb
the verb
+
?
This time next week I’ll be sunbathing on the beach.
They won’t (will not) be waiting.
Will you be passing the post office when you go out?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS is used:
• to say that we will be in the middle of doing something at
a certain time in the FUTURE
(At 10 o’clock tomorrow he’ll be working. This time tomorrow I’ll be
flying to New York.)
• similarly to the Present continuous to talk about
arrangements and planned events
(We’ll be spending the summer in the USA. = We’re spending the
summer in the USA.)
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
• Form:
Form:will
will++have
have++the
thepast
pastparticiple
participleofofthe
theverb
verb
+
?
By the time we get there, the lecture will have
started.
They won’t (will not) have checked it by 5 o’clock.
Will you have left Prague before I return from my
holiday?
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
• Form:
Form: will
will ++ have
have been
been ++ -ing
-ing form
form of
of the
the verb
verb
+
?
In May I will have been studying Italian for five
years.
He won’t have been working for the company for a
long time when he becomes the manager.
How long will you have been living in this flat by
the end of this year?
FUTURE PERFECT is used:
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to express an action that will be finished/completed by
a certain time in the future
(I’ll have prepared it by the time you come back.)
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to describe the continuation of a state up to the time
mentioned
(We will have been married for two years on April 1st. By this time
next week, I will have been working as a teacher for four years. )
NOTE:
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The Future Perfect tense is often used with by and not…till/until + time and also
with verbs like build, complete, finish, etc.
References
• ALEXANDER, L.G.: Longman English Grammar. New York:
Longman, 1991. ISBN 0-582-55892-1
• MURPHY, R.: English Grammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-521-28723-5.
• VINCE, M. and EMMERSON, P.: Intermediate Language Practice
with key. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2003. ISBN 1-40500768-0.
• VINCE, M. and EMMERSON, P.: First Certificate Language Practice
with key. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2003. ISBN 1-40500765-6.