Transcript the-english-reformation

CHAPTER 2: THE RELIGIOUS REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND
I THE REFORMATION AND THE FORMATION OF ANGLICANISM
1. The Catholic Church in Medieval Europe: a powerful institution
A° An economic power
B° A political power
C° An Intellectual power
2. The Protestant Reformation: Luther and Calvin
A° Martin Luther and Lutheranism
His 95 theses
His doctrine
The struggle with the Pope
B° John Calvin and Calvinism
3. The establishment of the Church of England
A° Henry VIII's Reformation: a political or religious revolution?
The religious situation before 1534
The Schism: reasons and events.
The Reformation: a reinforcement of Henry VIII's power
The economic effects of the Reformation
Impact on worship and religious practice
B° Edward VI (1547-1553) and Mary (1553-1558): ups and downs of Protestantism
C° Elizabeth (1558-1603) and the Invention of Anglicanism
II. PURITANISM IN ENGLAND
III. PROTESTANTISM IN AMERICA
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The Protestant
Reformation: Luther
 His 95 Theses
 Denounced the Indulgences (the purchase and sale of
Salvation)
 The Confession
 The authority of the Pope
 Advocated a simpler religion
 Salvation by faith (not good works and sacraments)
 Relationship between man and God through the
Scriptures and not the Church
 The Church should rely on the political authorities
 Was excommunicated by the Pope
Jean Calvin
 Man is enslaved to sin
 Predestination / Election = Only
God can choose whether men
deserve to be saved or not.
 Calvinism:
 The Eucharist (Communion): reject
the idea of
TRANSUBSTANTIATION (the
bread and wine getting
transformed in the body and blood
of Christ)
 Very strict moral code
 Church should be autonomous
(headed by councils (synods)
elected by the faithful )
The Reformation before
1534
The Lollards with John Wycliffe (end of 14th century)
Growth of anticlericalism among the aristocracy
1498 Invention of printing by Gutenberg
Need to reform and regenerate the church
1521: Protestant ideas were censored
Henry VIII wrote a response to Luther's criticism of the sacraments in Assertio
Septem Sacramentorum for which he was awarded the title of Defensor Fidei
by the Pope.
Henry VIII
•
King from 1509 – 1547
•
Second monarch of the House
of Tudor
•
Married six times (two of his
wives beheaded)
•
Leading role in the separation
of the Church of England from
the Roman Catholic Church
•
Attractive (in his youth),
charismatic, educated and
accomplished
•
Became morbidly obese as he
grew older
Henry attempts
to get a divorce
A diplomatic alliance
Henry’s will to have a son
Catherine’s previous marriage with Henry’s brother =
ILLEGAL
In love with Anne BOLEYN
Married Ann Boleyn in 1533
The Pope excommunicated him
The Act of Supremacy
Passed by Parliament in 1534
 Made the King the supreme head of the
Church of England
 Act of Succession (1534) vested succession
in the children of Henry and Anne
(Elizabeth), disinheriting Mary (child of
Catherine of Aragon). Also demanded oath
recognising King’s supremacy over the
Church.
 Thomas More beheaded
1536-1538: The dissolution of the
Monasteries
1536, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas
Cranmer’s 10 articles on the Reformation
Kept a deep Catholic tone:
Emphasized the binding authority of the Bible + in
English (Tyndale and Coverdale’s versions)
Assessed 3 sacraments: baptism, Eucharist and
penance
Affirmed the principle of transubstantiation in the
Eucharist
Authorized the use of images in churches as well as
The honoring of saints and the Virgin Mary
Authorized the observance of various rites and
ceremonies such as clerical vestments, sprinkling of
holy water, bearing of candles…
Refusal to see priests getting married
Believed in the confession
Edward VI (1547 – 53)
• Son of Henry VIII and Jane
Seymour
• Became king at age of 9
• His protectors were staunch
Protestants who wanted the
English Church to move
further away from Rome.
• 1549: The Book of Common
Prayer in English
• Dies of tuberculosis in 1553
Bloody Mary (1553-1559)
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Mary Tudor, ruled from 1553 – 58
Devout Catholic, persecuted Protestants
Married Philip, the king of Catholic Spain
Mass held in Latin again, repealed Henry’s
anti-Catholic laws, 300 Protestants who
would not give up their faith were burnt at
the stake.
 1553: the Statutes of Repeal
 1556 : Thomas Cranmer (the
Archbishop of Canterbury) was
executed
 1563: John Foxe, in his Acts and
Monuments, 1563
The Elizabethan Settlement
 Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and
Anne, reigned for 45 years (15581603)
 Act of Supremacy and Act of
Uniformity (1559)
 A compromise, eg. the new Book
of Common Prayer removed
material offensive to Catholics
 1563, the 39 Articles gave a
formal theological definition to
Anglicanism
 The Papal bull Regnans in
Excelsis, issued on 25 February
1570 declared Elizabeth a heretic