Transcript Chapter 5 Section 4

Review
1)What did the Christian
Humanists believe?
2)What is an indulgence?
3)Where did Luther post his 95
Theses? (city)
Spread of Protestantism
and the Catholic Response
• Chapter 5 Section 4
The Zwinglian
Reformation
• Huldrych Zwingli, a priest in
Zurich began a new Christian
group in Switzerland.
• Relics and images were
forbidden in the city
• A new service of scripture
reading, prayer and sermons
replaced the Catholic Mass.
Zwingli continued…
• Swiss and German reformers
sought an alliance but could not
agree on the meaning of
sacrament.
• In 1531 Zwingli was killed in a
war between Protestant and
Catholic states.
Zwingli
Calvin and Calvinism
• John Calvin assumed the
leadership of
Protestantism in
Switzerland.
• Calvin placed a new
emphasis on the allpowerful nature of God.
Calvin continued….
• Calvin developed the idea of
predestination- which meant
that God in an eternal
decree had determined in
advance who would be
saved and who would be
condemned.
Calvin Ctd…
• Calvin’s followers believed they
were certain of salvation.
• He began a church gov’t called
the Consistory, which enforced
moral discipline.
• People were punished for
dancing and gambling.
Calvin continued…..
Reformation in England
• Not religion but politics
brought about the
English Reformation.
• King Henry VIII wanted
to divorce his 1st wife,
Catherine of Aragon.
Reformation in England
continued…..
• However, the pope was
unwilling to annul (declare
invalid) his marriage.
• Henry turned to the courts
and his marriage to
Catherine was null and
void.
Henry VIII
• Henry wanted a male heir to
succeed him. Catherine of
Aragon did not give him an
heir.
• Henry married Anne Boleyn
and they had a girl who
eventually became Queen
Elizabeth I.
Henry VIII
Henry VIII continued….
• 1534 - Henry requested
that Parliament break
with the Catholic Church.
• The Act of Supremacy of
1534 - the king was the
supreme head of the new
Church of England.
Henry VIII
• Thomas Moore (A Christian
Humanist and devout Catholic)
famously opposed the king and
was beheaded.
• When Anne Boleyn didn’t give
him a male heir, Henry had her
beheaded.
Henry VIII continued…
• Henry would then marry Jane
Seymour who would give him
his male heir in Edward VI.
• While Henry broke away from
the Catholic Church, he still
stuck close to the church’s
teachings.
Reformation in England
• However during Edward VI’s
(sickly 9 year old as king)
reign, the Church officials
moved the Church of
England (aka the Anglican
Church) in a Protestant
direction.
Reformation in England
• Henry’s daughter Mary came to
the throne in 1553 and wanted
England to return to
Catholicism.
• She earned the nickname
“Bloody Mary” by having 300
Protestants burned as heretics.
“Bloody” Mary
Reformation in England
• By the end of Bloody Mary’s
reign, England was more
Protestant than ever.
*Don’t Write*
• (This is also where Queen
Elizabeth I reign begins. More to
come on this later on)
The Anabaptists
• Anabaptists were radicals
who rejected the
involvement of the state in
church affairs.
• Contemporary Mennonites
and Amish are Anabaptist
communities.
Protestants new view
• Protestants now viewed the
family as the center of human
life.
• Wife was still subservient.
• Women’s role was to bear
children.
Catholic Reformation
• Catholic Church was revitalized
in the 16th Century for three
reasons
• The Jesuits
• Reform of the papacy
• Council of Trent
The Jesuits
• Ignatius of Loyola founded the
Society of Jesus, known as the
Jesuits. They spread
Catholicism through education.
Reform of the papacy
• Pope Paul III saw the need to
reform the papacy and
appointed a Reform Commission
in 1537.
• It blamed the corrupt policies of
the popes.
Pope Paul III
Council of Trent
• In 1545 a group of
cardinals, archbishops,
abbots and theologians
met in Trent.
• The council met at
Trent on and off for 18
years.
Council of Trent
continued…
• The Council’s final
decrees reaffirmed
traditional Catholic
teaches in opposition to
Protestant beliefs.
• Selling of indulgences
were now forbidden.
After the Council of
Trent…..
• The Catholic Church
had….
• A clear body of doctrine
• A church unified under
the pope
• A renewed spirit of
confidence
Review
• Who was Zwingli?
• Who was John Calvin?
• Who was Henry VIII and
what did he do in regards
to Church reform?
• Who was “Bloody” Mary?
Review continued….
• Who were the
Anabaptists?
• Who founded the
Jesuits?
• What was the Council
of Trent?