Transcript Ch 12-4 PPoint

The Spread of Protestantism
Chapter12-4
Zwinglian Reformation
• The Peace of Augsburg
meant that Christian unity
had been forever lost
• Even before the Peace
the division in faith had
appeared
• In Switzerland the Ulrich
Zwingli began to
introduce a new religious
form
• All relics & images were
abolished
• A new service consisting
of prayer, sermons, &
scripture replaced the
mass
Zwinglian Reformation
• Zwingli sought to align
himself with Luther but
was unable to agree on
certain Christian rights
• In 1531 war broke out in
Switzerland between
Catholics forces & that of
Zwingli
• Zwingli was found
wounded & was later
killed, his body cut into
pieces, burned, & his
ashes scattered
• The leadership of the
Protestant movement now
was in the hands of John
Calvin
Calvin & Calvinism
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Calvin was educated in France but
was forced to flee the Catholic
country for Switzerland
He would publish the Institutes of
the Christian Religion which was a
summary of Protestant thought
This work would give Calvin
creditability as well as make him a
leader of the protestant movement
When it came to doctrine Calvin
was very close to Luther as he too
believed in the doctrine of
justification
Calvin also put great emphasis on
the belief of the all-powerful nature
of god or what he called the
“power, grace, and glory of God”
This belief led him to other ideas
such as predestination or that God
had already determined who would
be saved or not saved
Calvin & Calvinism
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In 1536 Calvin established a
church government that used
both clergy & laity
Also established was the
court of Consistory which
would oversee the moral
aspects of the community
Punishment was handed out
to those who strayed from
doctrine, drunkenness,
dancing, singing obscene
songs, swearing, playing
cards, etc…
With Geneva as the center
Calvin’s Protestantism began
to century spread across
Europe
By the mid-sixteenth century
Calvinism had replaced
Lutheranism as the most
important form of
Protestantism
Reformation in England
• The English Reformation
was rooted in politics not
religion
• King Henry VII wanted an
annulment from his wife
Catherine because she
failed to produce a male
successor
• Impatient for the church
Henry turned to the
English courts who issued
the annulment (He would
marry Anne Bolin who
would give him another
daughter, Elizabeth I)
Reformation in England
• In 1534 Henry moved to
break away from the
Catholic church of
England & the Pope in
Rome
• The Act of Supremacy
of 1534 declared the
King was the only
supreme head of the
new church of England
• Thomas Moore who
was a Christian
Humanist & devout
Catholic opposed the
King & was beheaded
Reformation in England
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Henry dissolved the
monasteries taking the
profits
When it came to church
doctrine Henry followed
Catholic teaching
Henry would be replaced by
his son, Edward VI, who
would move the church
closer to Protestant direction
Edward would die at the age
of 16 & be replaced by his
sister Marry who wanted to
restore England to
Catholicism
Marry would kill some 300
Protestants gaining the title
of “Bloody Mary”
This only strengthened the
Protestant hold on England
Anabaptists
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Reformers like Luther allowed
the state to play a major role
which angered some, namely
the Anabaptists
This group was a community
that believed in adult baptism
This was the main difference
between the Catholics &
Lutherans
The Anabaptist considered all
believers to be equal & all were
considered priests thus any
member could become the
minister or spiritual leader
Finally the Anabaptist believed
in complete separation of
church & state & no member
participated in government
Reformation & Society
• Although the family
became the center of
life during the
Reformation the lives of
most women & Jews
did not improve
• It was during this period
that the clergy were
allowed to marry
• The man was however,
still the focus of the
family as the women's
role was be obedient &
bear children
Catholic Reformation
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When it came to the catholic church Pope Paul III would lead the
way
The support of Catholic Reformation would come from three main
pillars-the Jesuits, Council of Trent, & reform of the Papacy itself
The Jesuits would be founded by Ignatius of Loyola & took a
solemn oath in support of the Papacy
Prior to the Protestant Reformation the Papacy had been very
corrupt, it took the jolt of the protestants to start change
Pope Paul III saw this need for change & appointed a reform
commission in 1537 which would lead to the Council of Trent
For 18 years the Church hierarchy would meet at Trent & discuss
religious issues as they pertained to the Catholic church
From this the following were decreed; faith & good works are
essential to salvation, catholic sacraments are to be upheld,
belief in purgatory & indulgences were strengthened but
indulgences were forbidden to be sold, & the Pope was the
supreme leader of the Catholic Church