Transcript Reformation spreads1

Spread of Protestantism
The Radical Reformation
The Spread of the Printing Press
The
Holy Roman
Empire
in the 16c
Theology-the
study of
religion
The Spread of Lutheranism
Wars of Religion
The special court used by the
Catholic Church to try and punish
heretics was…
The inquisition
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The Peasant Revolt - 1525
Calvin and Calvinism
• John Calvin fled Catholic France for
Switzerland after he converted to
Protestantism.
http://www.historyguide
.org/images/calvin.jpg
• He placed a new emphasis on the allpowerful nature of God–what Calvin
called the “power, grace, and glory of
God.”
• This led him to the important idea of
predestination, which meant that
God in an had determined in advance
who would be saved (the elect) and
who would be damned (the
reprobate).
Calvin and Calvinism
• He set up a court to oversee the moral life
and doctrinal purity of Genevans.
• People who deviated could be punished,
even for such “crimes” as dancing and
gambling.
http://www.midway.org/atf/cf/%7BF2639556-5527-41A0-B327-5DAF8D139628%7D/Dancing%20Boy.jpg
Calvin’s World in the 16c
Calvin and Calvinism
• Calvin’s success in Geneva made it a
powerful center of Protestantism.
• Missionaries trained in Geneva were
sent throughout Europe.
• By the mid-sixteenth century,
Calvinism had replaced Lutheranism
as the most important form of
Protestantism.
It Spreads to France
• Huguenots – people of wealth in
France who converted to Calvinism
• Bloody civil wars against Catholics
in France
• 1598 Henry IV issued Edict of
Nantes saying Huguenots had
freedom of worship
Protestant
Churches
in
France
(Late 16c)
But there is more….
Wars of Religion
The Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists
(Mennonites)
The Anabaptists and
Effects on the Role of Women (cont.)
• Based on New Testament accounts of
early Christianity, Anabaptists considered
all believers equal.
• Any member of the
community could be a
minister because all
Christians were considered
priests.
• Women were often
excluded from the ministry,
however.
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The Anabaptists and
Effects on the Role of Women (cont.)
• Anabaptists believed in the complete
separation of church and state.
• Government was not to even have
political authority over real Christians.
• Anabaptists would not hold office or bear
arms.
• They took literally the biblical
commandment to not kill.
• Their political and religious beliefs caused
Anabaptists to be branded dangerous
radicals.
The metal cattle catcher was called an Anabaptist Catcher. The
Anabaptist, meaning second baptism, was used by the state churches to
describe those who believed in adult baptism. Today, the term is accepted
by these very groups.
• Protestants and Catholics agreed on
the need to persecute Anabaptists.
• Contemporary Mennonites and Amish are
Anabaptist communities.
http://www.uwec.edu/Geography/Ivogeler/w188/utopian/persecution.htm
Radical Reformation
What was their view of women?
• Protestantism continued the
traditional subservience and
obedience of the wife.
• Woman’s role was to bear children.
• This function was part of the divine
plan, according to Luther and Calvin.
• Protestantism did not change
women’s subordinate place in
society.
Reformation
Europe
(Late 16c)
Maps
and
Remember the
Peace
of
Charts
4
Augsburg of
1555?
What can you
say about
geography and
Rome and new
religions?
As these territorial boundaries change there is increasing religious
Tension especially when Calvinism joins in battle of faith (they
weren’t mentioned in the Peace of Augsburg)
This will lead to the Thirty Years War between
Catholic and Protestants
The Thirty Years' War
broke out in 1618 and
concluded in 1648 with the
signing of the Treaty of
Westphalia. The agreement
reaffirmed the Peace of
Augsburg, but added
Calvinism to the religious
choices.
Maps and
Charts 4
Maps and
So what changes did the Catholics Charts
make to stop 4
the
spread of Catholicism?
It’s the Catholic Reformation… the Catholic Church set
two goals, one external and one internal. Externally, the
Church sought to attack Protestantism wherever it existed and
tried to reconvert Protestants back to Catholicism. Internally,
the Church wanted to reform the age-old abuses and
reenergize Catholicism
The Catholic Reformation
1. In addition to attempts to stop the spread of Protestantism, the
Catholic Church looked at itself and enacted internal reforms.
This reforming spirit culminated with the Council of Trent that
lasted on and off from 1545-1563. In the town of Trent, Catholic
officials met to consider what changes were necessary.
2. The Council cracked down on simony, pluralism and absenteeism.
It also helped increase the level of education of the clergy.
The Catholic Reformation
Changes made at the Council of Trent?
1. No more simony
2. It also helped increase the level of education of the clergy.
3. outlawed the selling of indulgences, the practice of granting
indulgences continued.
4. Created the Index of Forbidden Books- a collection of books or
writings not allowed. "turning-point in the freedom of enquiry"
in the Catholic world.
Kepler’s Scientific Works
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
The Catholic Reformation
2.
Another arm of the internal reform movement was an order
known as the Society of Jesus. Founded by Ignatius of
Loyola, the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, sought to help
Catholics rediscover their faith.
Ignatius wrote a handbook, The Spiritual Exercises, to help
Catholics study and practice Catholicism.
The ranks of the Jesuits grew quickly and they spread out all
over the world to convert and preach a disciplined Catholic
morality.
Ultimately, the efforts of these loyal shock troops paid off, as
many Protestants reconverted to Catholicism.
The Catholic Reformation
The three duties of Jesuits:
1.
Educate the masses
2.
Live simply and humbly
3.
Travel to spread the word of Jesus as in the Catholic Church
Reviewing Key Facts
History How did Ignatius of Loyola
help to reform Catholicism?
He helped reform Catholicism by
establishing the Society of Jesus, or
Jesuits, a religious order that took a
special vow of absolute obedience to
the pope and used education to spread
their messages, restoring Catholicism
to parts of Germany and eastern
Europe and spreading it to other parts
of the world.
Reformation
Europe
(Late 16c)
The results of the Reformation
1. Power of Pope weakened
2. End of religious unity of Europe
3. Encouraged spread of education
4. Strengthened power of monarchs
Exit Ticket
Pick one of our 3 main themes:
1. Man and environment
2. Man and man
3. Man and ideas
Pick any one of the major topics
we have discussed in this unit
and (in at least 5 smart
sentences) tell me how that fits
into one of these themes