Transcript Chapter 17 Section 4: The Reformation Continues

Chapter 17
Section 4:
The
Reformation
Continues
Setting the Stage


Christian reformers began
new PROTESTANT churches in
much of Central Europe.
*Protestant - all Christians who
are not Catholic
– Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Church
of Christ, Pentacostal

*Major and immediate effect of
the Reformation was a decline in
religious unity and in the power of
the Catholic Church
Calvin Begins Another Protestant
Church

In 1541, Calvin set up a
theocracy in Geneva.
– Theocracy - government
run by Church leaders

Calvin published book
called “Institute of the
Christian Religion”
Calvin and His Teachings

Calvin taught the following:
– Mankind is sinful by nature.
– Salvation can NOT be earned
– God has “Pre – Destined” who
would be saved
– *Predestination - God determines
the fate of every person

These teachings were the basis
for a new religion: CALVINISM
Calvin Runs Geneva, Switzerland

In 1540’s John Calvin was invited to
run the city of Geneva along with his
followers established strict rules.
– Stressed hard work, disciple, honesty,
and morality
– Banned swearing, dancing, provocative
dress, and fighting
– Prohibited drinking and gambling
– Encouraged Christian education
 Education was for boys and girls
– Women could read the Bible at home
and sing in Church
Calvinism Spreads
By the 1500’s, Calvinism had
taken root in Germany, France,
the Netherlands, England and
Scotland.
 In Scotland John Knox spread
the Calvinist faith

– Church community was guided
by Elders or Presbyters
– Presbyterians were followers of
John Knox
Other Reformers
Various Christian groups
began to interpret the BIBLE
since it was believed that the
Bible was the source of all
truth.
 Many new Protestant groups
formed based on their
differences in belief.

The Anabaptists
Anabaptists started in Switzerland
and the Netherlands (Flanders)
 Anabaptists beliefs

– Separation of Church and State
– Against swearing an oath to any earthly ruler or
service in the army.
– Hated ritual and believed in personal faith as the
means for salvation
Anabaptists believed that ONLY adults could
decide to be baptized and were against infant
baptism.
 Both Catholic and Protestants persecuted them.

The Catholic Reformation/Counter
Reformation


Protestant Churches won many followers, yet
millions remained true to the Roman Catholic
Church
A religious movement to reform the Catholic
Church was instituted called the CATHOLIC
REFORMATION/COUNTER REFORMATION
– Main Goals

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

*Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church
Eliminate Church Abuses
Reestablish Pope’s Authority
Stop the loss of any more
believers
Ignatius of Loyola

Ignatius of Loyola founded a
new society to
– Spread the Catholic faith
through missionary work
– Strengthen Catholicism in
Southern Germany and Eastern
Europe
– Rise of Catholic Schools

*Ignatius of Loyola founded
the Society of Jesus, also
known as the Jesuits.
Reforming Popes

Pope Paul II took major steps in reforms of the
Church
1. Directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling
and other church abuses.
2. Approved the Jesuit order
3. Used the Inquisition to seek out and punish heresy
4. Called a great council of Church leaders to meet in Trent to
agree on several doctrines (Council of Trent)



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*The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final
Christians need faith and good works for salvation
The Bible and Church teachings were equally powerful authorities in
Christian life
Indulgences were a valid expression of faith, but false selling of indulgences
were band.
Legacy of the Reformation
End of religious unity in Europe
 Founding of many new religious faiths
 Strengthening of monarchs over church authority in
some areas in Europe
 Wide spread literacy and parochial schools
 Middle class continues to gain power through Protestant
virtues
 Increased hatred for the Jews (Anti-Semitism) across
Europe
 *Luther’s 95 Theses, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy”
and John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion”
contributed to the decline of the Catholic Church

HINT: You MUST be able to locate the
predominate religions in Europe during the
1500, as found in book, page 434.
ANGLICAN
LUTHERAN
EASTERN
ORTHODOX
CATHOLI
C
MUSLI
M
Quick Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In Western Europe, a major and immediate effect of the
Reformation was a decline in what?
What was one of John Calvin’s beliefs that stated that God
determines everyone’s fate?
In the Council of Trent, what did they determine about the Bible?
Who was responsible for the creation of the religious order known
as the Jesuits?
Martin Luther’s “95 Theses”, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy” and
John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion” contributed to what?
The major goal of the Counter Reformation was?