Transcript The Protestant Reformation Through Maps

The
Protestant
Reformation
Through Maps
Created by Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS
Edited by C. Rhodes
Garces Memorial High School
Peter Kreeft on
What Caused the Reformation?
“The Protestant Reformation
began when
a Catholic monk rediscovered
a Catholic doctrine
in a Catholic book.”
Long-Term Causes of the Reformation?
1. Church corruption
2. Christian Humanists: Erasmus, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus
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A call for reform from within
Development of personal devotions
3. Secular leaders—greed & power
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•
1/3 of Europe belonged to the church
Control over the papacy
Resent Popes authority in their personal affairs
4. Avignon Papacy
• Pope Boniface v. Philip IV of France
• 7 popes reside in France
• “Babylonian Captivity”
5. Papal need for money
6. Printing Press
The Spread of the Printing Press
The
Holy Roman
Empire
in the 16c
“Why the
Germanies?”
Immediate Causes:
• Indulgences
• Johann Tetzel distorts
• Martin Luther
• 95 Theses
Consequences
Diet of Worms
Diet: an assembly of the estates
Luther: “Unless I am shown to be in
error by the testimony of the Scriptures
I cannot and will not be revoked.”
Charles V: “My ancestors have
defended the Catholic faith to
the death and I will do the
same.
Kidnapped
Wartburg Castle-Luther
translates the New
Testament into German
Elector Frederick of Saxony:
Luther’s protector
Peasant’s Revolt of 1525
•Upset over their
situation they
target the
church and
nobility
•Luther calls on
the Princes
•Great bloodshed
The Peasant Revolt - 1525
Peace of Augsburg
Recognized Lutheranism & Catholicism
Spread of Antisemiticism
• On the Jews and
Their Lies--1543
• Burn synagogues
• Ban rabbis from
preaching
• Use Jews as slave
labor
The Spread of Lutheranism
2) Switzerland’s Reformation
Ulrich Zwingli
John Calvin
Zwingli
• Vicar @ cathedral in
Zurich, Switzerland
• Met with Luther
 Agreed on most
doctrines
 Disagreed about forms
of worship
 E.g. communion & use
of images
• Died in battle-1531
John Calvin Calvin
• Carries on Zwingli’s
work in Switz.
• Institutes of Christian
Religion=complete
and clearly stated set
of beliefs-1536
– Strengthens & unites
followers against
persecution
Geneva
• Calvin was asked to
lead the city
• Theocracy
– Genevan Consistory
• 12 laymen & a
company of pastors
• Prohibited:
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–
–
–
Dancing
Card playing
Showy dress
Profanity
 England=Puritanism
 Scotland-John Knox starts
Presbyterian Church
 France=Huguenots
 Catholic Church owned 1/3 of the
land
 Monarchs consider protestants a
threat
 Civil wars—St. Bartholomew’s
Massacre
 Henry IV issued the Edict of
Nantes
○ Gives protestants freedom of worship &
some civil rights
Comparing Luther & Calvin
• Reliance on faith for
salvation
• Scriptures are the final
authority
• Denied the hierarchy of
the Catholic Church
• Recognized only two
sacraments-communion
& baptism
• consubstantiation
• Clergy has no special
authority
Similarities
• Calvin emphasized
predestination
• Luther emphasized
separation of church &
state
Differences
Calvin’s World in the 16c
3) Henry VIII vs. the Pope
• Henry the Eighth to six wives was
wedded: one died, one survived, two
divorced, two beheaded.
• Henry wants a divorce
• Starts the Church of England
(Anglican Church/ Episcopal Church)
• Confiscates the property of monastic
orders—Thomas Cromwell
• Pilgrimage
of Grace
Sir Thomas More—
refuses to acknowledge
the King as head of
church--beheaded
Protestant
Churches
in
France
(Late 16c)
The Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists
(Mennonites)
Reformation
Europe
(Late 16c)