Transcript Ch 11 Notes on The Reformation

The Reformation and Counter
Reformation
Anglican
Who started the
religion?
Henry VIII
Calvinism
Who started the religion?
Lutheranism
Anabaptists
Why were the Anabaptists considered
Who started the religion?
so radical?
Why?
What were the important ideas ?
Why?
What religions come from the Anabaptists?
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
Why? He needed a
male heir and he
wanted a divorce.
What were the
important ideas ?
King the head of the
Church, Services less
ceremonial, all church
property confiscated,
clergy could marry.
Anglican
Who started the religion?
Calvinism
Who started the religion?
Lutheranism
Anabaptists
Why were the Anabaptists considered
Who started the religion?
so radical?
Why?
Why?
Why?
What religions come from the Anabaptists?
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
Presbyterians
Who started the religion?
Why?
Jesuits
Who founded the Jesuits?
Huguenots
Who were the Huguenots?
Judaism
Why were the Jews persecuted in Europe?
Why?
Why were they a problem for France?
Where were many forced to live?
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
How did they benefit France?
How did they benefit the countries
in which they lived??
Protestant Reformation
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Describe the events of the Counter - Reformation in the following countries
Describe the events of the Reformation in the following countries
England England -
What were the important ideas ?
What were the important ideas ?
France -
France Germany
Germany
Spain
Spain
The Netherlands
The Netherlands
The Reformation-Counter - Reformation
• The Catholic Church seemed
to be overly concerned with
money. Popes competed with
Italian and German princes
for political power.
• Pope Leo X needed money for
St. Peter’s Basilica.
• Johann Tetzel sold
indulgences or pardons from
sins for money.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther’s Protest
• Martin Luther in 1517
believed that only inner
faith in God mattered.
• Luther posted his 95
theses on the church door
in Wittenberg
• The only authority was
the bible, the church
tried to get him to recant.
• Luther was summoned to
the Diet of Worms.
Martin Luther’s Protest
• Luther argued that salvation
could come through faith
alone, not good works.
• Luther declared that the
bible was the sole source of
religious truth.
• He denied that priests and
clergy had special powers.
• Luther translated the bible
into German and rejected 5
out of 7 sacraments.
The Spread of Protestantism
• Luther’s ideas were embraced
in northern Germany ad
Sweden.
• The Germans wanted less
control from Rome and
wanted money to stay in
Germany.
• The peasants of Germany
joined with Luther, but when
they rebelled in violence were
brutally crushed in 1524.
The Spread of Protestantism
• Charles V tried to force the
German princes back into the
Catholic church. (1525-1555)
• Charles V needed the support
of German Princes and signed
the Peace of Augsburg 1555.
• Charles V needed the help of
German princes to fight off
the threat of Suleiman and the
Ottoman Empire.
Calvin and Calvinism
• Huldrych Zwingli a soldier during the
German religious wars, was greatly
influenced by Erasmus.
• Calvin continued Zwingli’s doctrine after
he died in battle. Calvin wrote, “ Institutes
of the Christian Religion”
• Calvin believed in predestination - chosen
by God beforehand. Calvinism spread to
the Netherlands, Scotland and France.
• A theocracy in Geneva - government ruled
by clergy.
Protestant Sects
• Followers of Calvin’s doctrine were the
Dutch Reform Church in the Netherlands
and the Huguenots of France.
• John Knox in Scotland formed the
Presbyterian church.
• The Anabaptists disagreed with baptism at
birth and wanted a violent change in
government.
• The Amish, Quakers, Mennonites, and
Baptists can all trace their roots to the
Anabaptists.
The English Reformation
• John Wycliffe had already
sown the seeds of reform in
England. Henry VIII is
responsible for the final break
with the Catholic Church.
• The Catholic church will not
allow him to annul his
marriage. Charles V was in
Italy.
• Henry VIII - becomes the head
of Anglican church.
Mary I and Elizabeth I (Tudor)
• Mary I ( Bloody Mary becomes
Queen after Henry’s death. She
is Catholic.
• She tried to force England to
become Catholic by burning
over 300 protestants.
• Elizabeth I gains the throne in
1558. England becomes
Protestant under Elizabeth I .
The Anglican church had many
of ideas of the R.C. church
The Counter Reformation
• The Counter Reformation
clarified Catholic Doctrine
and attempted to clean up
corruption in the church.
• Pope Paul III brought the
Inquisition from Spain to
Rome.
• The Index of Prohibited
Books.
• The Council of Trent - forbid
indulgences.
Soldiers of the Counter -Reformation
• Ignatius Loyola and the
formation of the Jesuits.
• The Jesuits spread
Catholicism throughout the
world - Africa, Japan, and
China.
• The Jesuits stressed
education and non-violence
• It unfortunately was a
violent time
Results of the Reformation
Popular Culture in Europe in the 1500’s
• The World was a spiritual
world, evil spirits.
• The village priest was often
illiterate, but a source of
comfort.
• Witches were suspected and
considered bad luck.
• Recreation was limited.
• Printing almanacs, broadsides
spread knowledge.
Daily Life Changed in Europe
• The standard of living
changed in Europe, more
people and fewer resources
led to inflation.
• The diet because of the
discovery of the New World
changed.
• Housing was harsh as more
people moved to the cities
• Traditional culture declined
The Scientific Revolution Swept Europe
• Experimentation through
observation started the
Scientific Revolution.
• Verifying results is known
as the scientific method.
• Astronomy, Physics and
Anatomy - Copernicus
disproved the geocentric
theory. Proposed the
heliocentric theory, sun
centered.
Physics, Astronomy and Anatomy cont.
• Kepler and Galileo proved
Copernicus’ theory of a
heliocentric solar system.
• Vesalius and William
Harvey - experimentation
and observation to improve
medicine.
• Descartes, Bacon, Pascal
were great thinkers of the
time. Isaac Newton Principals of Mathematics .
Other Great Inventors and Scientists
Descartes argued that
everything had to be proven.
Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz
developed calculus.
Anton Leeuwenhoek discovered
the existence of bacteria.
Robert Hooke - the theory
of cells. Lavoisier and
Boyle -Oxygen.