Transcript Raiders, Traders and Crusaders

Raiders, Traders
and Crusaders:
Western Europe
After the Fall of
Rome.
World History A
Seminar #5
by Beth Bradley, The Academy
Warm Up: Answer question # 1 on page 292.
“What areas remained free of invasion?”
What areas remained free of
invasion?
Vikings: The Raiders
 In the period from 800 to
1050 A.D., the Nordic
peoples made their
dramatic entry into the
European arena. They
stormed forth,
terrorizing well
established societies
which were accustomed
to war, but not to the
startling tactics of the
Vikings.
 They even sailed as far
west as North America.
The Rise of Europe
500-1300
The Early Middle Ages
During the early Middle Ages, Europe was a
relatively backward region cut off from the
advanced civilizations of Byzantium, the
Middle East, China and India. Between 700
and 1000, Europe was battered by
invaders. Slowly a new civilization would
emerge that blended Greco-Roman,
Germanic and Christian traditions.
Kingdom of the Franks
400-768
 Franks invaded Gaul in the
area now called France.
(400-700)
 Frankish King Clovis (486)
first to conquer Gaul.
 Clovis converted to
Christianity and brought
the religion to the region.
 Frankish King Charles
Martel (732) kept Muslim
invaders from Spain out of
France. Stopped spread of
Islam in Europe at the
Battle of Tours.
Empire of Charlemagne
768-843
 Loved battle
 Christian emperor.
 800 aided Pope Leo III put
down rebellious nobles in
Rome.
 Pope Leo III crowned
Charlemagne “Emperor of
the Romans.”
 Cemented Christian rule
in Europe.
 Outraged Byzantine
Emperor who saw himself
as Roman successor.
Legacy of Charlemagne
(Holy Roman Empire)
 Revival of Latin




learning
Extended Christian
civilization into
northern Europe
Set up strong, efficient
governments.
Began Holy Roman
Empire. (Germany)
Could not repel further
Viking and Magyar
invasions.
Feudalism
Textbook: page 291 - 296
Define Feudalism.
Feudalism: loosely
organized system of
government in which
local lords governed
their own lands but
owed military service
and other support to a
greater lord.
FEUDALISM
Characteristic
Obligations
Nobles
Peasants
Monks/Nuns
Page 295
Page 318-319
Page 325-326
•Military
Service to
Lord
Rights and
Benefits
Lives
• Protection by
Lord
• Life of Religious
Service
Answer the questions under
“Chart Skills” and then copy
the diagram you see above.
Warm Up: On the back of the vocabulary
handout, answer the following question.
List three areas of the world where
Europeans conducted trade.
Traders in Medieval Europe
1000-1300
(Textbook: page 319-320)
o Advanced agricultural techniques: harness,
windmill, crop rotation – improved lifespan and
increased population
o Trade revived with new trade routes
o Trade fairs and guilds appeared. Define “guild”
o Guild – association of merchants or artisans who
cooperated to protect their economic interests.
Frayer Model: The Middle Ages
What is the definition of the word
from the book?
Write the definition of the
term in your own words!
Draw an illustration of your
term here. Everyone must draw
something!
Vocabulary
Word
Explain this term in the
context of the Middle
Ages. How did it apply?
High Middle Ages
1050-1450
 Feudal monarchies headed

William of Normandy



Norman ship
European society, but had little
power.
Angles, Saxons and Vikings
invaded and settled in England.
1066 - Anglo Saxon king of
England, Edward died.
William of Normandy, Edward’s
brother in law, invaded
England and took control at
Battle of Hastings.
French was spoken in the
English court for the next 200
years.
Foundation of English Common
Law
 1066 - William I creates




Domesday Book for purposes
of fair tax collection.
1154 - Henry II broadened
system of royal justice. Laid the
foundation for English Legal
system. Began English
Common Law.
Define “common law”
Common law - a legal system
based on custom and court
rulings.
King John I signs Magna Carta
which limited the power of the
king.
Magna Carta - 1215
 No royal official shall take goods from






any man without immediate payment.
No free man shall be imprisoned
Due
Law of his
except
by Process
the lawfulof
judgment
equals or by the law of the land.
In future no official shall place a man
on trial without producing credible
witnesses.
Courts shall be held in a fixed place at
a fixed time.
The barons shall elect a House of
Lords for the creation of laws.
The English church shall be free.
For a trivial offence, a free man shall be
fined only in proportion to the degree
of his offence.
The Crusades
 1050s – Seljuk Turks
invade Byzantine Empire.
Extend power over
Palestine to the Holy Land
and attack Christian
pilgrims
 1095 – Byzantine Emperor
Alexius I asks Pope Urban
for help in ridding his
empire of Muslim invaders.
 Pope Urban agrees to help.
Hopes to consolidate his
own power, end schism
between Rome and
Constantinople and keep
Christian knights from
fighting one another.
The Crusades
 1099 – Christian knights capture




Jerusalem.
1187 – Muslim soldiers under Saladin
recapture Jerusalem.
1198 – Pope Innocent III takes office.
Claims supremacy over all other rulers.
The Church becomes the most powerful
body in Europe.
Crusades continue for next 200 years.
Effects of the Crusades on
Europe
 Economic expansion –






increased trade with the
Middle East and Byzantine
Empire
Growth of Italian trading
families.
Growth of money economy
Increased power of the
monarchs.
Increased power of the
Church
Wider world view
Reconquista in Spain –
Muslims and Jews forced to
leave or convert.
Warm Up: Black Death
1. Open your textbook and read pages 336
and use the map to answer the following
question on the BLACK DEATH:
2. List three large cities which were totally or
partially spared by the plague and three large
cities which were seriously affected by the
plague. (Write this question before you
answer.)
The Black Death
The Black Death
The Black Death 2
Black Death Power Point
 Slide 1 – Define Bubonic
Plague and explain its
causes. How is it spread?
 Slide 2 – When and where
did the plague strike
during the Middle Ages?
Where did it begin? Who
was hardest hit? How
many died?
 Slide 3 – Social and
Economic Consequences:
1. Explain the labor
shortage that occurred
and how it changed
Europe.
2. Define and explain the
outbreak of anti-Semitism
that occurred.