Transcript Chapter 15: The Early Middle Ages

The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages
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Early: 500 – 1000
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High: 1000 – 1250
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Late: 1250 - 1500
Middle Ages Question
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What happens when a great society
collapses?
How, or why, do times change?
The Middle Ages: 500 – 1500
The Medieval Period
Rise of the Middle Ages
Decline of the Roman
Empire

http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag
ne/videos#the-fall-of-rome
Europe Today
th
6
Century Europe
The Early Middle Ages
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Once the fall of the Roman Empire in 476,
Europe divided into many kingdoms:
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Germanic Kingdoms:
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The Franks – Pope crowned Charlemagne
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Goths
Charlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned Charlemagne
Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Power of the Medieval Church
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Controlled about 1/3 of the land in
Western Europe.
Monks and monasteries
Tues
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1
*2
5
8
Wed
Thurs
3
4
*6
7
8
1
*2
5
7
Feudalism
Think of a chess set
Feudalism
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A political, economic, and social system
based on loyalty and military service.
King / Lord
Vassal
Knight
Peasant / Serf
Feudalism
Manors – Self Sufficient Economies
Feudalism
Provide knights in
times of war
Fiefs – land grants
Military protection
Fiefs – land grants
service
protection
Based on mutual obligation
Feudalism in Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasant
Loyalty
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasant
Loyalty
Samurai
Peasant
Food
Peasant
The emperor
reigned, but did not always rule!
Japanese
Feudal
Society
The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry
 Chivalry – a complex set of ideals, demanded
that a knight fight bravely in defense of three
masters
1. His feudal lord
2. His Heavenly Lord
3. His Lady
Japan’s Code of Bushido
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Justice – Gi
Courage - Yu
Benevolence - Jin
Politeness - Rel
Veracity - Makoto
Honor - Melyo
Loyalty - Chugo
Art of Seppuku
Pillaging and Plundering
Medieval Warriors
vs.
European knight
Samurai Warrior
Medieval Warriors
vs.
Knight’s Armor
Samurai Armor
Early Mounted
Samurai Warriors
Samurai Charging
Castles and Keeps
 Home to lord and
lady, their family,
knights, soldiers, and
servants
Medieval Castle
Castles and Keeps
C
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T
L
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Osaka Castle
Main Gate of
Hiroshima Castle
Video Clip
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http://www.history.com/topics/charlemag
ne/videos#weapons-of-the-middle-ages
Charlemagne Legacy
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Charlemagne died
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Grandsons had to divide up the empire into
3 smaller empires
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But they were weak and were destroyed
Charlemagne’s governing style helped create
new kingdoms
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Law Abiding & Strong Gov’ts

Has the Middle Ages influenced America’s
way of life?
 starter activity
Rich, but not
greedy
Good
soldier
Hard
working
Inspiring
Healthy &
strong
Brave
Good judge
of character
Which of
the qualities
do you think
were most
important
for a
medieval
king?
Wise
Firm but
fair
Godfearing
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A new English King
Cruel &
Untrustworthy
Raised taxes
Overrode traditional
laws
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Barons listed their
grievances
List became known
as Magna Carta
The king must obey
some laws!
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The king must not interfere with the Church
When a baron inherits land he should pay the king no
more than £100
The king cannot collect new taxes unless the barons
and bishops agree
No freeman can be put in prison without trial by a jury
Justice will be without delays or bribes
Traders must be able to travel freely without having to
pay tolls
The King’s men must not take anyone’s goods without
paying for them.
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Some main tenants:
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Rule of Law
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Fairness of Law
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Due Process
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Habeas Corpus
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Powers and privileges of the king are clearly
defined and limited
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"Reasonable" rules and regulations
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Equal justice under the law
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Recognition of customs, traditions, and
established rights
Punishment in proportion to the crime
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Established procedures
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No trial without evidence/testimony to
support accusations
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Trials held in a timely manner
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Trials open to the public
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Trial by a jury of one's peers
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No one can be held in prison without being
charged with a specific crime
The Crusades
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How did the Crusades change life in Europe
and beyond?
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In the seventh century, Muslims conquered
Palestine.
Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews
and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less
tolerant.
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However, they began killing Christians
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In 1095, Pope Urban II, the head of the Roman
Catholic Church, called for a crusade, or war,
against the Muslims.
Ultimately, the Christians fought many
crusades against the Muslims.
However, Christians never permanently
regained control of the Holy Land.
For almost 200 years – from 1096 to 1291European crusaders went to the Holy Land.
E. Napp
Many Europeans
Joined the
Crusades. Some
joined for the
promise of Heaven.
Others joined
hoping for wealth.
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Crusaders were European Christians who
heeded the Pope’s call to regain the Holy Land.
Crusaders joined for many reasons.
Some joined for the promise of Heaven, others
for wealth, and still others for adventure.
Crusaders
often wore
a cross
on their
breastplate.
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Historians frequently call the Crusades “a
successful failure.”
While Europeans never regained permanent
control of the Holy Land and many people
were killed, cultural diffusion increased.
Europeans began to trade with the Middle
East.
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The Crusades showed Europeans that millions of
people existed in the world.
Opened up trade b/t Europe and the World
Europeans learned about Arab art,
architecture, medicine, and mathematics.
E. Napp
The Early Middle Ages
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Muslims conquered Spain in 711.
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Threatened to spread Islam throughout Europe
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They were defeated in 732
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Christianity remained Europe’s most popular
religion
Vikings Attack
Vikings – Germanic people called Norsemen
• From Scandinavia
• Worshipped warlike gods
• Pillage and Plunder
• Warriors, traders, farmers, and
explorers
Your Task
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On page 214 & 216 complete the “note
taking charts”
After each heading write an essential
question about the topic
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Document Based Assessment - pg. 241
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Answer questions 1-3 about Charlemagne
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For each question explain your reasoning
Today’s Question
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How did feudalism emerge and shape
medieval life?
While answering, emphasize what you
think are the positives and negatives of
feudalism?
219-224
Chapter 15-1
The Early Middle Ages
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Otto I was a
powerful German king
 Fought the
Magyars
 Protected the pope
 Pope made him
emperor of the
Romans
 Otto’s territory
became known as
the Holy Roman
Empire
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Scandinavia is a country in
northern Europe
 Home of the Viking people
 Vikings were skilled
sailors
 They raided Europe between
800 and 900 A.D and
conquered parts of western
France called Normandy
Chapter 15-1
The Early
Middle Ages
The Rise of the Catholic Church
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St Patrick traveled
to Ireland and
spread Christianity
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He established
monasteries
Monks taught and
preserved Roman
learning
The Rise of the
Catholic Church
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Gregory the Great: pope 590604
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Asked monks to become
missionaries
They converted Ethelbert (ruler
of Kent in Britain)
Irish monks converted people in
northern Europe
Monks and monasteries played
big part in education, health
care, and preservation of
knowledge
Played an important role in
Europe’s politics
The Rise of the Catholic Church
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1073 Gregory VII was elected pope
 He issued a decree forbidding kings
from anointing high ranking church
officials
 Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor at
the time) refused to obey
 Henry declared that Gregory was
no longer the pope
 Gregory excommunicated Henry
 So, when the German nobles chose
a new emperor, Gregory accepted
him
 Henry declared war against Gregory
The Rise of the Catholic Church
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By 1122, we had a new emperor and a
new pope
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They came to an agreement and called it
the Concordat of Worms
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Agreed that only the pope could choose the
bishops, and only the emperor could give them
government jobs
The Rise of the Catholic Church
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Catholic Church became really powerful
under Pope Innocent III
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He controlled kings by threatening to withhold
Christian rituals (like communion) from a king
of a country’s people