Transcript church-state[1]. - sabresocials.com

Medieval Conflicts of Church
and States
I. Early Middle Ages
•
800 Charlemagne in
Rome crowned
Emperor by Pope.
•
Charlemagne gets
moral authority.
•
The Church gets
“protection.:
•
Who is supreme?
II. Church a unity of secular and
spiritual.
Religion dominates individual lives
Secular Clergy---bishops, archbishops, pope.
-Wield power, collect taxes, build churches.
Church keep baptism records, death records, houses
travelers, cares for ill, does charity, as well as providing
sacraments for salvation.
Regular Clergy- monks
continued…
(Church a unity of Secular and Spiritual)
Educational leadership. Creates educational institutions—
cathedral school, then universities. 3 graduate disciplines:
Theology, Medicine, Canon Law.
Canon law for church in 1300 is more advanced than individual
state laws. States need to
•hire churchmen to have literate civil servants.
•Even courtly love written down by churchman, like Art of Courtly
Love, by Andreas Capellanus.
Pope Urban II in 1095 calls for Crusade to free Holy Land from
Muslim Turks. Rulers send knights. Hospitallers and Templars fight
as military-monastic orders
III. Growth of feudal states leads to
conflicts between Rulers and Pope.
In the 9th and 10th centuries Kings and Popes conflicted over who
could appoint high church officils..
A. Holy Roman Empire
Hildebrand (Pope Gregory VII) vs. Emperor Henry IV in German lands
-Henry’s council of bishops declare independence from Pope.
-Pope excommunicated Henry.
-1077 Henry was a penitent - barefoot 3 days in Canossa.
-Pope granted Henry absolution
-Pope Calixtus II signed Concordat of Worms with Emperor Henry V.
B. England
-King Henry II struggled with the Archbishop
of Canterbury, Thomas à Becket
-Becket rose to post through service to the
King, changed to support church side after
appointed.
-Henry wanted churchmen tried in state
courts, punished by secular authorities.
-Thomas defended clerical immunity.
The Pope backed Thomas
-1170 Henry’s men killed Becket in
Cathedral of Canterbury
C. France
•Pope Innocent III (d. 1216) defended papal supremacy.
Excommunicated King John of England
•Pope Boniface VIII 1302 declared Unam Sanctam,
supremacy of church over secular rulers.
•Philip IV the Fair of France ordered men to seize
Pope. Boniface, who died soon after, in 1303, and
Philip kept the church in Avignon.
•1309-1377 “Babylonian Captivity” no pope in
Rome,
•Papal palace in Avignon, center for humanist
scholarship, collects ancient manuscripts
•1378-1417 Schism. French puppet popes
continued in Avignon, while another set of
popes ruled in Rome.