Transcript Crisis of the Papacy - Wittenberg University

Crisis of the Papacy
I. Height of the Papacy
A. Pope Innocent III (1198-1216)
1 Influences selection of German emperors
2. Forces Philip II of France to keep his queen
3. Forces John of England and King of Aragon to
become,papal vassals
I. Height of the Papacy
B. 4th Lateran Council (1215) –Culmination of reform
1. Establishes doctrine of transubstantiation
2. Confession required once a year
3. Clergy required to be celibate, sober, simple
4. Only one benefice at a time
5. Priests forbidden to participate in ordeal trials
C. B. Legates and canon law
1. Popes more likely to be trained in law and
have lawyer’s mind
II. Popes Engulfed by Law and Politics
A. Pope Innocent’s crusade against Frederick II
B. Pope Martin IV
and the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282-85)
C. Boniface VIII vs. Philip IV of France
1. Tax controversy begins (1296)
2. Case of French bishop (1301)
3. Unam Sanctam (1302)
4. Pope captured by French (1303)
III. Babylonian Captivity
A. Popes move to Avignon
1. Need for money
2. Most spend on wars to regain
Papal lands
B. John XXII (1316-1334)
1. Sale of indulgences begins
2. Denounces “Spiritual”
Franciscans”
III. Babylonian Captivity
C. Catherine of Siena (1347-80)
1. Female St. Francis
2. Convinces Pope to return to
Rome (1377)
D. Great Schism begins
1. Two Popes
2. Three Popes