Transcript Document
The Plague & The 100 Years’ War Objective: Describe the causes and effects of the Great Famine of 1315-1316, the Black Death, the Great Schism of 1378, and the Hundred Years War on Western Europe. The Great Famine 1315-1316 CAUSES & EFFECTS • Extremely bad weather in Northern Europe (spring 1315 heavy rain) universal crop failures livestock dying food prices increased & food became scarce • Very large # of people died, high levels of crime, disease, mass death & even cannibalism & infanticide • Prayer/the Church didn’t stop the famine undermined the institutional authority of the Catholic Church BLACK DEATH (BUBONIC PLAGUE)- CAUSES • • • • • During 1300s endemic struck Asia, N. Africa, & Europe. Began in Asia & followed trade routes Rats fleas people (people didn’t bathe & garbage in streets) Black Death because purplish/blackish spots on skin Approximately 1/3 Eur. population dies society torn apart because people do not know why it is happening • Kills 25 million Europeans & many more millions in Asia/N Af. THE BLACK DEATH http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KV67ygISR Ho&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZ Q http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= UaspFUkcPjo&feature=fvwrel BLACK DEATH/BUBONIC PLAGUE - EFFECTS • Town populations fell • Trade declined – Prices rose • Serfs left manor in search of better wages • Nobles fiercely resist peasant demands for higher wages -> peasant revolts in Eng/Fr/It/Belgium • Jews blamed for bringing on the plague – driven from homes, massacred • Church loses prestige when prayers don’t stop plague and priests abandon duties • Society of Middle Ages collapsing The Great Schism of 1378 - CAUSES • Split in the Church: King > Pope – POPE Boniface VIII v. KING Philip IV of France: Philip IV asserts his authority over French bishops Boniface asserts that kings must always obey popes • Philip holds pope prisoner - “my master’s sword is made of steel, the pope’s is made of [words].” • • • Pope Clement V (French) moves papacy from Rome to Avignon in France (weakens Church) When papacy moved back to Rome, mobs demand Italian pope Pope Urban VI selected. – Arrogant & passionate for reform cardinals select 2nd Pope Clement VII (French) Great Schism = split in the Church over two popes – each excommunicated by his rival – French pope in Avignon vs. Italian pope in Rome The Great Schism of 1378 - EFFECTS • Great Schism ended in 1417 when the Council of Constance chose a new pope, Martin V, after all other popes are forced to resign, but papacy greatly weakened. • Power of the Catholic Church & Age of Faith declines • Scholars challenge the Church – Englishman John Wycliffe & Jan Hus (a Bohemian) preach Jesus, not pope, is head of the Church – Clergy should have no wealth or land – The Bible is the authority THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR - CAUSES • Last Capetian king dies without heir England’s Edward III (grandson of Philip IV) claims right to French throne war breaks out for the French throne (1337-1453) – Victory passes back and forth until France rallies and expels English out of France entirely. • 1420: Fr & English sign treaty stating Henry V inherits Fr crown upon death of French king Charles VI • 1429: Joan of Arc = French peasant girl felt moved by God to rescue Fr from English conquerors, visions/voices of saints told her France’s true king = Charles VII, son of Charles VI Leads army into battle & wins at Orleans Charles VII crowned king (& Joan of Arc burned at the stake) THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR - EFFECTS • Century of fighting between England & France marked end of medieval Europe’s society. • Warfare changes with the longbow – medieval ideas of chivalry ended/armored knights become extinct – English sent volley of deadly arrows then foot soldiers used long knives to attack French • Feeling of nationalism emerged in Eng & Fr – People think of king as national figure, fighting for glory of the country, not simply a feudal lord • Power & prestige of French monarch increased • English suffer period of internal turmoil known as War of Roses, in which 2 noble houses fought for the throne • End of Middle Ages since religious devotion & code of chivalry ended