Transcript England and France Develop

A Century of
Turmoil
As the kingdoms of England and France
began to develop, the Church and Mother
Nature had other plans…
A Church Divided
 Crusades were an epic fail. The Church is
losing followers, along with all of its
credibility
 It’s 1300. Philip 4 sets the rule of kings
above papal rule.
 Pope Boniface 8 responds with a papal
bull: “The subjection to the Roman Pontiff
is absolutely necessary for the salvation of
every human creature.”
Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
 1303. Philip invites
Boniface over to France
for, um… “discussion.’
 Pope obliges, and
quickly finds himself at
home in Philip’s
dungeon.
 Pope executes an escape
attempt, but dies before
getting back to Rome,
which means there’s a
vacancy in the Vaticano
Phillip also had a larger overbite.
Home Sweet Avignon
 Philip forces the election of a French
cardinal as Pope. In 1305, the papacy
move moves its headquarters from Rome
to Avignon, France.
 This period in Church history is known
as “The Captivity.”
 This move eventually leads to the “Great
Schism.”
The Great Schism
 1378. French Pope Gregory 11 dies on a
mission in Rome. How sad.
 Italians riot and clamor for a new ITALIAN
Pope and elect Urban 6. French say he’s an
antipope and elect Clement 7. Confusion
ensues.
Note: not actual size
Who’s the Boss of you?
 For the next 39 years, both sides spend most
of their time excommunicating each other.
 HRE calls the Council of
Constance. They elect a
THIRD Pope, Martin V.
 Papacy is moved back
to Rome for good.
Everyone was happier with the Italian in charge.
Everybody’s a critic!
 Scholars who criticized Church excesses
were dealt with harshly.
 John Huss and John Wycliffe argued that
the Bible alone was the ultimate authority
for Christian teaching – NOT the Pope.
John Huss
Winner, “Sweetest Beard Contest”, 1405
John Wycliffe
2nd Runner-up, “Sweetest Beard Contest”, 1408
The Bubonic Plague:
European World Tour, 1347
 The Bubonic Plague begins in Asia and sweeps
across Europe, to the tune of 25 million dead
(that’s 1/3 of Europe at the time!)
 Every few years, the plague resurfaces and
further reduces population and disrupts society:
trade declines, prices rise, towns become smaller.
 Lack of workers breaks down the manorial
system. Peasants demand wages or their freedom
(usually via revolt)
Revenge of Mother Nature
 Church further loses prestige, as it is unable to
stop God’s “punishment” for mankind.
 People tend to become more pessimistic about the
future, and preoccupied with pleasure.
 Art and literature shows
a deep awareness of death.
Welcome to Creepytown
The Hundred Years War.
 The Hundred Years War pits
France against England in a
struggle for French Land.
King Edward III
 When Charles IV, king of
France died in 1328, he left
no heir. Edward III, king of
England (and nephew of
Charles) is the closest male
relative.
 France claims Philip Valois
(brother-in-law of Chuck’s
dad) to be king.
Pretty fly for a white guy.
Let’s get ready to Rumblllllle!
 Although the French eventually won the
War, English forces had a number of key
victories
 Early on, castles offered adequate
protection and armored knights dominated
the battlefield.
 Then the English longbow was used to
p’wn the French and spelled the end of
chivalrous warfare.
The Maid of Orleans
 By 1429, the French were in
desperate shape. Most of their
army was trapped in the city of
Orleans, which the English were
about to seige.
 A teenage girl named Joan
arrived on the scene.
 Convinced by visions of angels
that she could save the day, the
French dauphin allowed her to
lead the army (which was later
victorious at Orleans!)
Pictured above: Not Noah’s wife
BBQ Anyone?
 Joan d’Arc lead the
French in a number of
decisive battles, and as a
result Charles VII was
crowned King. Woot!
 Later she was captured
by the English, placed
on trial for heresy, and
burned at the stake.
Long Term Effects of the War
 Greater sense of nationalism in England
and France
 Longbow and cannon undermine the value
of knights and castles
 English Parliament gains the “power of the
purse” and looks to overseas trading
ventures
 Church looks worse than it ever had,
ushering in a time of secular rebirth.