Transcript The European Renaissance and Reformation

The European Renaissance and
Reformation
1300-1600
Renaissance
• The “rebirth” of classical learning, art, writing
and an intellectual rediscovery of Ancient
Rome and Greece.
TURBULENT YEARS
The Ending of Ages,
Hundred Years’ War
and the Plague
1300-mid 1400
The Age of Faith—
• during The Middle Ages—
time where the church was
seen as head, not
questioned and obeyed
• Seen as a social regression
(compared to Greek and
Roman cultures)
• People started to distrust
the church, leading to the
decline of the Age of Faith
The Age of Chivalry—
• Chivalry—behavior/warrior code use by
knights (individual training and service to
others)
• Now: Seen as “courtly love,” virtue, honor
Ending of the Age of Faith
• Pope Boniface VIII disobeyed by King Philip IV
of France
• First open rejection of papal spiritual
dominance
• Pope Boniface captured by French before
finalizing a new papal bull
The Death of
Pope Boniface
VIII
Avignon
• Clement V
– 1305--French
archbishop
appointed pope
under Philip IV’s
urging
– Papacy moved to
Avignon
The Great Schism
• Caused people to distrust the church
• Caused by the return of the papacy to Rome
and the pope’s death (Gregory XI)
• The Romans wanted a Roman pope, so the
Cardinals elected a man with no French ties—
Urban VI—Quick regret
The Great Schism
• Cardinals retreated to Anagni and elected
Clement VII, reestablishing Avignon as the
papal court
• antipope
The Great Schism
• Diplomatic problem not just religious
• Avignon:
Rome:
France, Scotland,
England, Denmark,
Burgundy
Holy Roman Empire
• The Council of Constance – 1414
– Finally ended the Schism
– Resignation of popes, election of Pope Martin V
The Bubonic Plague—1300s
• Bubo-swollen,
inflamed lymph
node in the
armpit, groin or
neck
The Hundred Years’ War
• Series of wars ranging from 1337 to 1453
between France and England
• Chivalry—still in play, looked down on
common foot soldiers
The Longbow
• Battle of Crécy- *
• Battle of Poitiers
• Battle of Agincourt
– All three battles: English introduced the longbow
and slaughtered the French
– Knights could not stand against the longbow
• Laid groundwork for the end of chivalric
warfare.
This is a random guy…I do not know
him.
Joan of Arc
• Helped France win the
Hundred Years’ War
• Helped Charles VII to
victory and kingship
• She as captured by the
English, and not
defended by Charles.
• She was burned at the
stake.
End of the War—1453
• Nationalism
• France power increased
• England—War of the Roses
– End with Henry Tudor becoming king
– Tudor reign for 117 years
• Religious devotion and chivalry drawn to close
(knights deemed obsolete and changed
medieval society)
• End of Age of Faith and Age of Chivalry
The Crusades
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgVDGdex
XvY&list=PL54B03B391D3502E3&index=11&fe
ature=plpp_video--TURNING POINT—
CRUSADES
• Impact on Renaissance– Opened them up to Middle Eastern culture,
religion, and technology
– Failure—Made the church look bad and unreliable
FEUDALISM
• Feudalism-was a set of legal and military
customs in medieval Europe between the 9th
and 15th centuries, which was a system for
structuring society around relationships
derived from the holding of land in exchange
for service or labor
Feudalism
• King- monarch over a country, top of feudal pyramid
• Nobles-rank that possesses privileges, or eminence, and
certain rights not granted to members of other classes in a
society, such as commoners
• Knights (vassal)-A medieval tenant giving military service as
a mounted man-at-arms to a feudal landholder.
• Peasants/Serfs-A member of the lowest feudal class,
attached to the land owned by a lord and required to
perform labor in return for certain legal or customary
rights.
• Vassal: person who has entered into a mutual obligation to
a lord or monarch
The Ending of Feudalism
Serfs:
http://www.you
tube.com/watch
?v=esZm74Qoqk
MONARCH
Ms Bagley
Superintendent
NOBLES
Greater
Mr Adair, Principal
Lesser
Ms Jones, Ms Mitchell, Mr Sams
Assistant Principals
KNIGHT (vassal)
Ms Boring
Social Studies Teacher
PEASANTS/SERF
You
The Students
The Decline of Feudalism
• Due to plague—money now source of
exchange, not just land
• Less people alive, more jobs available and
people were capable of moving up social
classes
• Feudal armies could not stand against new
technology
• Decline of church’s power