Transcript Slide 1 - Images

The Middle Ages
10.2 Feudalism & Manorialism
Feudalism
• Political system—developed in
the absence of a strong central
government
• Violent time—kings and nobles
needed help to fight off invaders
• Fief (Land = Power)
• Primogeniture
– The Heir and the Spare
Feudal nations included lands that had belonged to
Charlemagne…
Manorialism
• Economic System—
included a large
estate that included
the manor house,
pastures, fields, and
a village
• Self-sufficient &
Separation
• serfs
Chivalry
• A code of conduct for knights
– Brave, fight fare, loyal, keep work, gallantry to
foes, courteous to women
10.3
The Church
Secular Clergy
(Lived among the people)
• Popes had supremacy in:
– Roman Catholic Church
– Territories in central Italy—Papal States
• Church became involved in feudal system
– The Church owned land and
leaders had power as lords
– Positions could be bought by local
lords and were tied to a feudal
contract
– Bishops and Abbots were usually
“2nd Sons” and had no interest in
church affairs (simony p. 239)
Investiture Controversy
• Pope Gregory VII
– Convinced he was chosen by God to reform they
church
• Lay investiture—
– (a lay man) a secular king/lord officially granting
spiritual authority (usually to a bishop)
– Pope Gregory declared only the Church could
appoint clergy and he could remove any leaders
who refused to comply
• Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire—Germany)
– w/o this power he felt he could not maintain his
power in the face of the German nobles
Increase in Church Power
• Concordat of Worms (p.324)
– Controversy was settled with a new Pope & a new King!
(it took THAT long to reconcile)
– Emperor grants only lands and secular powers to church
officials
– Church officials would elect bishops and grant spiritual
authority
• Pope Innocent III
– Believed the Pope was the supreme judge of European
affairs
– Interdict (p. 238)—used the practice to control European
rulers (esp. last rights)
Regular Clergy
(Lived away from the people—according to strict laws)
• The High Middle Ages also saw an increase in
those joining the order:
– Cistercians
– Nuns
– Franciscans—missionaries
– Dominicans—against heresy
• Inquisition
– Religious court whose job was to find & try heretics
• Punish confessed heretics, tortured to confession, handed
to state for execution if no confession