Transcript Ch. 10 WHAP - cloudfront.net

CH. 10 WHAP
A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Quick Write

What were the factors in the decline of the
Byzantine Empire? (List 4)
 Turkish
invasions seized Asiatic portions of empire
 Reduced food supplies and tax base of empire
 Growing economic and political power of western
Europe
 Western crusade in 1204 temporarily conquered
Byzantine capital
 Slavic kingdoms in Balkans challenged Byzantine
authority
 Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Feudalism; legal and military customs, prevalent in
medieval Europe, between the 9th & 15th
“In the name of God, St. Michael
and St. George, I dub thee knight.
Be Valiant”
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Review
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In the first centuries of the current era one of the
great power of the world was Rome.
All Southern Europe, Africa and parts of Asia was
controlled by the Romans
 The
Mediterranean, was the great trade route of the
known world, it was theirs, and the countries bordering
upon it became the provinces of Rome

By the end of the 5th century, Roman imperial
government had come to an end in the West as that
half of the empire was thoroughly overrun by
Germanic people
Europe

Europe is relatively small but had a huge impact on
western civilization
 Dense
forests – food & wood
 Mineral rich earth – food & gold
 Seas – food & trade
 Large rivers – food & transportation
 Mountain – natural protection
Problems in the West
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The postclassical West suffered from several key
problems;
The political fragmentation of Italy
The Muslim conquest of Spain
Viking raids
A decline in intellectual life.
Political - Feudalism

It is an effective political organization, usually local
and manorialistic which created an oppressive
system of political and economic organization
between landlords and peasants, many of whom
were serfs.
Feudalism

The key military and political system in the Middle
Ages was feudalism, a system in which greater lords
provided protection and land or fief to lesser lords,
called vassals; in turn owed their lords military
service, some goods or payments and advice.
 The
introduction of feudal monarchy generally took
time; through William the conqueror introduced feudal
monarchy to England following his invasion of 1066.
Manorialism
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Manorialism represented the economic portion of
feudalism
All aspects of life were centered on the lord’s manor
including the village, church, farm land and mill.
It involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that
exchanged labor or rents for access to land.
Manorialism also encompassed the political relations
between the Lord of the Manor and his peasants.
This allowed the Lord of the Manor governmental
power which included the maintenance of a court.
The Lord of the Manor had the
following rights
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The right of common oven which required vassals to
make use of the mill, the oven, of the lord.
The right of jurisdiction under manorialism gave
judicial power to the lord of the manor. These
provided revenue by the payment of fines
The right of disinheritance by which he could claim
the goods of a person who died on their lands and
had no direct heir.
They also had the right of claiming a tax when a
fief or domain changed hands.
Clovis
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He was the first king to unite all of the
Frankish tribes under one ruler.
He changing the form of leadership from
royal chieftains to rule by a single king.
 Also
ensuring that the kingship was passed
down to his heirs
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Clovis’s conversion to Christianity helped
him govern the Franks.
Charlemagne
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Charlemagne established a substantial empire in
France and Germany around the year 800, but his
empire did not survive his death as Europe split
increasingly into regional monarchies.
Frankish kings could not protect people from the
invading Vikings. The people turned to local lords
for protection
Feudal warfare was common in Europe.
If a lord and his vassal performed their duties, there
was peace and good government.
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After Charlemagne there was Political fragmentation.
The kings had less power because countries were
divided into areas controlled by feudal lords. - There
were many barbaric tribes.
Why was Europe divided?
German political traditions differed - People were loyal to
a tribe, not to a country.
 German legal traditions differed - They had laws for
individual tribes.
 German cultural traditions - They had no written literature,
and symbols were used for testaments.
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Feudal lords cut into aristocratic power
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In 1215 noblemen forced King John to sign the Magna
Carta, and parliaments served as further checks on royal
authority.
Western Europe’s expansionist impulse led to the conquest
of Spain, the first European steps in the Americas, and
( spurred on by pope Urban II) the crusades.
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Though the crusades ultimately ended in defeat, they opened
Western Europe eyes to new possibilities, particularly for trade.
Several important reforms impacted the church, including
those advocated by the Franciscans, the Order of Saint
Clare, the pope Gregory VII.
The investiture controversy helped give the church power
over monarchies.
The Church
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The Christian church was the most organized institution in Western
Europe.
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It had a relatively clear hierarchy and established a chain of
monasteries.
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Knowledge survived only in monasteries, there were very few
schools.
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Many of the old arts and crafts were lost.
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Monks (men) and Nuns (women) lived apart from the rest of the
world in monasteries & convents or orders
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Monks and nuns performed may roles in the middle ages.
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They provided shelter, they taught others to read and write, prepared
medicine, sewed clothes for others, and helped others in times of need. They
spent most of their time praying and meditating.
Organization of the Church
Church of Rome
Pope
Head of the church
Archbishop
Bishopric
or
diocese
Parishes
A group of Parishes lead by a Bishop
Local parish priests
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Feudal lords cut into aristocratic power. In 1215 noblemen
forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, and parliaments served
as further checks on royal authority.
Western Europe’s expansionist impulse led to the conquest of
Spain, the first European steps in the Americas, and 9 spurred on by
pope Urban II) the crusades. Though the crusades ultimately ended
in defeat, they opened Western Europe eyes to new possibilities,
particularly for trade.
Several important reforms impacted the church, including those
advocated by the Franciscans, the Order of Saint Clare, the pope
Gregory VII. The investiture controversy helped give the church
power over monarchies.
Several key creative characterized the High Middle Ages
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The moldboard and three-field system
gradually improved agriculture
Agricultural advances, population increases
and growing towns helped breathe economic
and cultural vitality into Europe after 900.