Transcript File - BHCS History

Chapter 8
February 1st- 12th
Schedule
2/1: Growth of the
Medieval Church
 On the outside, things looked bleak for western
Europe after the fall of Rome (Middle Ages). There
was a lack of order and stability.
 Barbarian tribes began to carve out their own
kingdoms form the territory once held by the Caesars.
 Among the confusion and change there remained one
stable instituting, Roman Catholic Church.
 In the estimation of most people living in western
Europe during the Middle Ages, there was but one
church. Europeans conceived of the church solely as
an outward, visible institution, which they called the
Catholic church. They viewed the large number of
local assemblies merely as part of one large
ecclesiastical (religious) organization.
 During the Middle Ages, the church became more
interested in preserving outward unity among its
members than in fostering the inner peace that comes
by faith in Jesus. Gradually people began to look to
this institutional church for salvation, rather than
Jesus.
Head of the Church

Bishops rose to power and prestige for many reasons. However, with
the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century and the
patriarchal bishops all located in the East, the western people looked
to the bishop of the Roman church as being a source of stability.

Leo I (Bishop of Rome) further enhanced the office of Bishop when
in 452 the barbarian Huns threatened the city of Rome and he talked
their leader Attila to spare the city. It was hailed papa or pope
(Father-Protector)

By the 6th century the title Pope almost exclusively referred to the
bishop of Rome.

In order to support their (the bishops/Pope’s) claim to power over all
churches, the bishops of Rome advanced the Petrine Theory.
A theory that stated that Christ made Peter the first pope and gave
him supreme authority over it.
Church’s Teaching
 The Middle Ages is often called an “age of faith”
 Faith dominated nearly every aspect of a person’s life.
(by faith I mean the Roman Church)
 Few people other than the clergy could read and
examine the Bible for themselves. This means that
many people placed their trust in the visible church
instead of Christ.
 In reality this period is perhaps best characterized as
an age of spiritual ignorance and darkness.
 The papacy assumed the title (not by choice but by
historical circumstances) Vicarius Filii dei a Latin title
meaning “the one who takes the place of the Son of
God.”
 The Roman church believed in the inspiration and
authority of the Bible as God’s Word but it contended
that the traditions of the church had equal authority.
 An outgrowth of this mixture of human tradition and
Bible doctrine is the Roman Sacramental System
 Visit this site to review the 7 sacraments.
Warriors of the Church
 The Roman church was like an army—a religious
army that spread across western Europe and held it
captive for almost a thousand years.
 There was a difference between common church
members (laity) and those who “enlisted” (clergy)
 The medieval world looked upon the clergy as the
only servants of the church.
 Not everyone who joined the church (clergy)
supported the cause. Some joined for ambition,
hoping to gain the wealth, luxury and power.
End of 2/1
2/2 A New Western
Empire
 At the beginning of the Middle Ages, western Europe
faced widespread invasions, social unrest, and political
disorder.
 The Franks were by far the most powerful people
during this time. They established many independent
kingdoms in Gaul (modern France)
Class Notes
 For pages 185-188 We will work on notes during class.
(In our timeline activity)
A revival of Learning
 Charlemagne’s love of learning prompted him to
promote education.
 Aachen (his royal court) became the leading center of
learning in the realm. Alcuin from York England, was
the most distinguished scholar of western Europe.
 Although the effects of this renewed interest in
learning lasted for centuries, Charlemagne’s
impressive empire deteriorated rapidly. After his
death, the empire collapsed, torn by civil war and
invaders.
Feudal System
 Visit the website below
and take notes on
Feudalism.
 https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=3Riz5Hd
oHRE
End of 2/2
2/3 The Manor
 Vocabulary activity:
1. manor
2.Demesne
3. Two-field system
4. Three-field system
5. Freemen
6. Serfs
7. Week Work
End of 2/3
2/4 (N/A)
2/5 Reforms in the
Church
 By crowning Charlemagne emperor, Leo III
established an important precedent. Later popes
claimed that this practice demonstrated their authority
over civil rulers.
 After Charlemagne’s death the church has its chance
to again take power but they are rather slow in doing
so.
 Reforms of the 11th-13th centuries will restore the
churches’ prestige and brought the papacy to the
height of its power.
 Visit the site below. Study/take notes each vocabulary
card. (Stop at Fredrick the II
 https://quizlet.com/31845292/bju-world-history-
chapter-9-flash-cards/
End of 2/5
2/10 The Rise of Feudal
Monarchies
Anglo-Saxons Settles
England
 Watch this film and take notes from what you see.
*Be sure to read the description of the video
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vzxiz3Kw9eI
William of Normandy
Conquest of England
Britain's Replica of the Bayeux
Tapestry: The Battle of Hastings
Visit this site and watch
the film.
 **NOTE: the film will end abruptly don’t worry I
know ***
Be sure to take notes of what is there! 
 http://study.com/academy/lesson/william-the-
conqueror-politics-and-art-in-the-dark-ages.html
Reforms strengthen
Royal Authority
 When William's sons William II and Henry I died
without an heir. The Norman line will come to an
ended.
 After a period of dispute Henry II (1154-89) the great
grandson of William the Conqueror. He was a
Frenchman and possessed a lot of wealth and territory
outside of England. He had gained landholdings in
France that far surpassed those ruled directly by his
feudal lord, the French king. You can only imagine
that this caused some problems. (hint: Jealousy and
rivalry between the French and English thrones)
Think about this…
 What would the French king feel if he saw that Henry
II held more land in his own kingdom then he did?
Could you understand his jealousy and concern?
Henry II

Is well known for strengthening the royal authority in England by
expanding the jurisdiction of the royal court.

This meant that instead of the lords handling the disputes
appointed justices would travel through the land and hearing
cases (called circuit courts).

Before the justices arrived in the shire (that part of the country) a
jury would make a list of indictments (accusations). This will
eventually lead to our own modern day grand jury. Slowly this
jury became a common practice to have 12 men. “twelve good
and truthful men.”

This strengthened the royal courts because instead of the feudal
ones. This allowed for uniform laws (common law) for all of
England and actually ended the local feudal laws. This will help
unify the English people.
Thomas à Becket
 Henry hoped to strengthen his authority in the church by
appointing his friend Thomas à Becket the archbishop of
Canterbury (the highest office of the church in England).
Except Becket will actually become a bitter opponent of
Henry’s.
 This controversy reached a climax when Henry attempted
to use his royal courts to try (put on trial) clerics of the
church who committed crimes instead of the church courts.
 Knowing the Kings dislike of the matter four knights rode
to Canterbury and murdered the archbishop at this alter.
 In 1170 there was such an uproar over Becket’s death that
Henry abandoned his pan to control the clergy. Becket will
become a martyr.
End of 2/10
2/11 Magna Carta Limits
Royal
Power
After Henry’s death his oldest son Richard I will become

king. He is also known as Richard “the Lion-Hearted”
because of his warrior like spirit.
 However he contributed little to the English crown. He
hardly spend any time in England during his 10 year reign.
During his time on the throne of England he was
participating in the King’s Crusade (the 3rd of the
Crusades) and for his landholdings in France.
 While he was away his brother John and the king of France
plotted to overthrow him (what a great brother!). During
his reign it provided the setting for the adventures of the
legendary English hero Robin Hood.
John (1199-1216)

After Richards death John becomes king of England.
(Note: John did not kill his brother)

John was an able ruler but he did not have the personality that like
his brother to attract the people’s admiration.

John was known as having unscrupulous ways of ruling his people.
He was weak and cruel and lost a lot because of it.

When the archbishop died John failed to appoint a new one. So the
monks of Canterbury chose a new one. John was outraged and
forced the monks to choose another man. Both men went to Pope
Innocent III in the Vatican to be confirmed. When both men arrived
the Pope refused to confirm either. Instead he chose one of his
friend. When King John refused to accept the Popes actions the Pope
excommunicated the king. John submitted to the pope, even
becoming the pope’s vassal and making England a fief of the papacy.
Magna Carta
 The English barons (nobles) were dissatisfied with
John’s reign. They resented his excessive taxes and his
disregard for their feudal privileges. In 1214 (you need
to remember this date) the nobles revolted. They
forced John to set his seal (signing) the Magna Carta
(Latin for “Great Charter”)
 The Magna Carta became known as one of the most
important documents in English history. Establishing
that the king’s power is limited. The King is not above
the law.
Parliament Becomes
Important
 Edward I (1272-1307) was one of England’s most
gifted medieval kings. He attempted to take Wales and
Scotland. He conquered Wales and made his son
Prince of Wales (since then it has been customary to
give the Prince of England the title Prince of Wales).
 The most important contribution of Edward
was the development of Parliament. When
Edward became king he extended the
Council to include representative knights
from every shire and town.
France: The Capetians
and their Royal House
Capetians (Ka-pee-tions)
 Visit this site read and take notes
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Capetian-dynasty
End 2/11
2/12
 Read your Crusade handout and take notes.