Transcript - Grace Bible Church

Fallout from the 95 Thesis
Catholic Hangovers
Still implied purgatory #15,
16
Prayers for the dead #8-40
Power of the keys (authority
of the RCC clergy)
(6,16,60,61) A symbolic term
speaking of the authority of
church leaders Rev 1: 18
and 3:7,8
Mentions Mary as mother of
God #75
Some Evangelical glimmers in
the 95 Thesis
Luther has a biblical view of sin, repentance
and forgiveness vs penance.
He begins to attack the doctrine of the
papacy.
Remission of guilt can only come from God.
The Treasury of the Church is not so much
the Treasury of Merits but the gospel. #62-64
Why was the 95 Thesis so
popular?
They were unusual – total attack mode. The
normal posture was defense.
They were immediately translated into
German and spread throughout Germany in 2
weeks time.
Luther attacked the Pope in the 95 Thesis.
This produced excitement; no one had the
guts to do this before.
Why was the 95 Thesis so
popular?
Luther attacks
Archbishop Albert
who was disliked by
the people. The
people knew this
sale of indulgences
was to finance
Albert’s purchase of
his job.
Why was the 95 Thesis so
popular?
Just prior to the 95 Thesis
Albert had Tetzel prepare a
94 Thesis in which he says:
“The soul after it is purified,
flies from Purgatory to the
vision of god without
hindrance, and that it is an
error to suppose that this
cannot be done before the
payment of money into the
indulgence box.” Phillip
Schaff Vol III pg 152
Why was the 95 Thesis so
popular?
Tetzel’s jingle “For every
coin that into the
indulgence box does ring,
a soul from Purgatory
does spring”
Nationalistic resentment
of bilking the populace of
money that should be
spent in Germany
The people hated Johan
Tetzel. Greedy, dishonest,
Johann Tetzel Sells Indulgences in
immoral
Germany
Road to Worms
The Pope was
somewhat interested in
Luther but had bigger
fish to fry. Placed his
trust in Frederick the
Wise and the Emperor
(who is in ill health)
Maximilian.
The Pope also believed
that Luther was
knocking Tetzel because
he was a Dominican
and Luther was
Augustinian.
Maximillian, Holy Roman Empire
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
Prierias—1st Attempt to
Rescue Luther
May to July Sylvester
Prierias dispatched by
Leo X a Porfessor of
Theology
Prierias calls Luther a
heretic is tried for
heresy in Luther’s
absence
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
August 5, 1518
Emperor Maximilian
denounces Luther
as a heretic
October Luther
begins series on
Psalms (2nd time)
that will go on for 3
years
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
1518 Cajetan 2nd Attempt
to get Luther Back
The Pope now sends
Cardinal Cajetan to meet
with Luther at Augsburg (in
lieu of going to Rome) asks
Luther to recant Luther say
no way Jose in Latin,
German & Greek (although
not confirmed)
Luther flees Augsburg
fearing for his life
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
3rd Try Carl Von Miltitz
Carl Von Miltitz a
relative of Frederick the
Wise is sent to
Altenburg to meet with
Luther
After interview with
Miltitz Luther agrees to
make some
concessions. Included
in the concessions is a
letter of apology to the
Pope
Altenburg, Germany
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
3 months later the letter of
apology goes to Leo X
stating that Luther did not
intend to undermine the
Pope’s authority or the
church’s.
Miltitz had intended to arrest
Luther but while traveling
would stop at inn’s and pubs
to question the people about
Luther. Fearing a backlash
because of Luther’s’ immense
popularity Miltitz is relatively
soft on Luther.
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
Miltitz still seeking to
please the Pope and
win popular approval
and also to keep Martin
Luther in his confidence
Miltitz devises a brilliant
scheme.
Miltitz blames Tetzel for
abuses in granting
indulgences accuses
Tetzel of having 2
illegitimate children.
Tetzel quits, retires to a
convent and later dies
in shame.
Road to Worms
3 Attempts to bring Luther back
Miltitz by removing the problem gets
Frederick the Wise and Cardinal Cajatan to
agree to a Diet at Worms to finally decide the
issue with this rebellious monk
The proper order for action in the RCC and
HRE was
Bull
Ban
Diet
Edict
Road to Worms
After Militiz’s brilliant tactics
the Pope is distracted from
Luther by the death of HRE’s
Maximilian. Henry VIII wanted
the job as new emperor but
the Pope only seriously
considers Francis I of France
or Charles I of Spain. Pope
chooses Charles I of Spain
who becomes Charles V of the
HRE. Charles still has control
over Spain while being
Emperor in HRE.
Road to Worms
1519 Luther receives a
copy of John Huss’s The
Church from Prague. He
declares himself in
fundamental agreement.
Luther’s pen heats up—
knowing he has about a
year before the Diet of
Worms, Luther uses the
only avenue he knows
that would save his
bacon. Public Opinion
John Huss
Road to Worms
In 14 months Luther writes—Brief Form of the 10
Commandments, A Brief Form of the Creed, A Brief
Form of the Lord’s Prayer, Meditations of Christ’s
Passion, A Treatise on Good Works, The Papacy in
Rome (large work) The Open Letter to the Christian
Nobility of the German Nation, (large work) The
Babylonian Captivity. (another large work) Freedom
of the Christian Man. All the while lecturing daily on
Psalms and preaching 2-3 times per week
Road to Worms
Dec 10, 1520 Luther
burns the Papal Bull
Exsurge Domine “Arise
O God”
March 6, 1521 Charles
V summons Luther to
appear before the Diet
of Worms. (Worms is a
city, not a slimy critter)
Road to Worms
April 6 Luther begins
Journey to Worms,
promised safe
conduct by the
Emperor. At Erfurt a
crowd of 40
professors and
some 60 others
cheer him on.
Road to Worms
When Luther arrives at
Worms about 2,000
cheering people greet
him—Luther’s presence
overshadows that of
Charles V, probably not
helping Luther much.
Escorted to Worms by
band of knights.
At the diet (council) it
was standing room
only—filled with high
ranking RCC officials
and princes and nobles
from the HRE.
Road to Worms
On a table are Luther’s
books and tracts. Aleander
asks Luther if they are his
books. Then asks him to
recant and retract. Luther
asks for 24 hours to ponder
his answer.
During the 24 hour time,
Luther bows in prayer.
Hutten sends him a note
telling him to stand fast.
Others in the Diet come to
his room to encourage
Luther and pray with him.
Girolamo Aleandro
Road to Worms
The next day Luther divides the books into 3
groups
I Books addressing moral and religious matters.
“These I cannot recant lest I deny the truth”
II Books against papal corruption and papal
abuse “Should I recant at this point, I would open
the door to more tyranny and impiety and it will be
all the worse should it appear that I had done so at
the insistence of the HRE”
III Books against his opponents in defense of
the Gospel. Here he admits he was a bit harsh but
still could not recant
Road to Worms
After these
statements bout the
pile of books Luther
charges the Diet to
show him where he
has violated the
Word of God. And
he would recant.
Road to Worms
Luther is again pressed for a
clear recantation but says
this ”Unless I am convicted
by the testimony of sacred
Scriptures or by evident
reason my conscience is
captive to the Word of God. I
cannot and I will not recant
anything, for to go against
my conscience is neither
right nor safe. Here I stand—
God help me. Amen” with
this Luther hung his head.
Road to Worms
Carlyle calls this “The
greatest moment in the
modern history of man”
May 26, 1521 the Emperor
signs an edict against
Martin Luther—He is as
good as a dead man were it
not for Frederick the Wise
and the high esteem of the
German people. The
peasant’s shoe is posted
all around Worms in the
middle of the night.
Luther at Wartburg
On his way back to
Wittenberg, Luther is
high jacked
(prearranged) to
Wartburg Castle. Old
abandoned castle
perched on a mountain
top attended by only 5
staff.
While at Wartburg
Luther grows a beard
and calls himself
Junker George the
Knight.
Luther at Wartburg
Luther then translates
the New Testament into
classical German from
Erasmus 2nd edition
Greek New Testament.
This translation is done
with such skill that
Luther’s Bible becomes
the cornerstone for
German linguistics for
centuries to come.
Luther at Wartburg
While at Wartburg writes a tract
“On Monastic Vows” when he
returns to Wittenburg later to
quiet things down he finds no one
at the monastery except for
Staupitz—the monks are all out
on a date!
Things really change at
Wittenberg while Luther is at
Wartburg. Sept 22, 1521
Melanchthon administers
communion in both kinds (cup &
bread) Oct 23 The Mass is
stopped. Dec 3 students and
townsfolk destroy the Elkons
(images)
Luther at Wartburg
Dec 27, 1521 to Feb 1522
Prophets from Zwickau arrive at
Wittenberg and begin teaching
towns people that the Word of
God is not necessary because
God will speak directly to you.
Luther is outraged and decides
to risk coming back to
Wittenberg to get stuff under
control.
March 9, 1522 Preaches 8
sermons in 8 days, and
succeeds in bringing Wittenberg
under control. However he loses
his dear friend, Charlstadt
because he defects to the
Zwickau Prophets.