Transcript Sec 2 * Part 1 - WordPress.com

Section 3
An Age of Renewal
and Growth (pp. 119158)
Section 3,
Part 1
Renaissance and
Reform (pp. 120132)
Introduction (p. 120)
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The Avignon Papacy, Great Western Schism, and Conciliarism
weakened the papacy during the 14th century
Opened the door to nationalism (and humanism through the
Renaissance) in the 15th and 16th centuries
Marks the end of the Late Middle Ages and beginning of the
Modern Era in the 16th century
Also opened the door to the Protestant Reformation that
fractured the unity of Christianity in Western Civilization
(Eastern unity had already been fractured by the Eastern
Schism)
Three Articles
 (A. 27) – The Renaissance (pp. 121-124)
 (A. 28) – Luther’s Complaint (pp. 124-127)
 (A. 29) – Religious Confessions in Europe (pp. 127-131)
Images for Article 27
Article 27: The Renaissance (pp. 121-124)
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Middle Ages came to a close in the 14/15th century
Gave way to the Renaissance and humanism
Definitions, origins, rise, method, major players, +/- ‘s
10 Renaissance popes (Nicholas V in 1447 to Leo X in 1521)
 Advanced the arts but at a cost—greed, nepotism in the
college of cardinals, sale of indulgences, etc…
 Alexander VI (1492-1503)
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Scholarship
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Art and Music—pray with all of our senses
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Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536)—Christian humanist
Johannes Guttenberg (c. 1440)—printing press
Patrons: Medici’s, Renaissance pope Julius III, St. Phillip Neri
Artists: Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Botticelli, Bernini, Giotto,
Raphael, Donatello, Fra Angelico; Palestrina
Architecture
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St. Peter’s Basilica by Bramante, Michelangelo, & Julius II in Rome
Santa Maria del Fiore in 1436 by Brunelleschi in Florence
Homework
 Read pp.
124-131 (AA. 28-29) in the
e-Book for discussion in class tomorrow
 p.
132; #3 (3.1 H.W.)
Article 28: Luther’s Complaint (pp. 124-27)
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In 1500, religious/political situation in Europe was volatile
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Indulgences
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Combination of Church scandals and nationalism
Sale of indulgences was powder keg and Luther was the fuse
Original & present day theology & practice vs. abuse in 15/16th c.
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
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Germany, Augustinian priest, monk, & scholar (Patristic/Scripture)
Central belief—justified by faith in God not pious works
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Lutheran World Federation and Church resolved issue in 1999
Sought to dialogue & reform, not break--95 Theses (10.31.1517)
Central practice attacked was sale of indulgences
Called to Rome, refused, formulated extreme position
Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide, and Sola Gratia
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Led to only Baptism & Eucharist for Sacraments
Article 28 cont.: Luther’s Complaint (pp. 124-127)
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Leo X (1513-1521) did not get involved until Dec. 1520
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Duke Frederick of Saxony “kidnapped”
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Priesthood of all the believers, rejected celibacy
Wrote Augsburg Confession in 1530 with Phillip Melanchthon
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Charles V afraid of German nobles so does not arrest Luther
By 1525 Luther was so strong he came
out of hiding and married—Katharina Von Bora
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Luther translated bible into German & wrote catechisms—p. press
Luther won over Germany due to nationalism and weak papacy
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Too focused on the Renaissance; “squabble among monks”
Luther excommunicated in Jan 1521 after 60 days
Basis of Lutheranism and beginning of Protestantism (really 1555)
National Church with vary organization in different places
Conclusion
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Luther was right, Luther was wrong, the Church was right,
the Church was wrong: content and method
Article 29: Religious Confessions in Europe (pp. 127-131)
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Post Luther Europe—new religious and political
landscape as confessions formed
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Germany
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Lutheranism expanded and dominant
Anabaptists split off in Munster—apocalyptical; against infant
baptism
Thirty Years War (1618-1648) & Peace of Westphalia (1648)—
“cuius regio, eius religio”
Switzerland
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John Calvin (1509-1564) began in France; fled under persecution
Calvinism—Sola Scriptura but denied Eucharist; simple worship
& church
In Switzerland (1536) wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) working in Zurich; Calvin in Geneva
Theocracy was necessary because of predestination
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Strict laws and complete intolerance punishable by death
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Article 29 cont.: Religious Confessions in Europe (pp. 127-131)
Great Britain
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Henry VIII (1509-1547), Catherine of Aragon, & Anne Boleyn
Leo X (1513-1521), Clement VII (1523-1534), & Thomas More (side bar)
Political rather than theological break—Anglicans close today
Act of Supremacy (1534) and Act of the Six Articles (1539)
Church lost land, property, bishops, priests, religious, and laity
Edward VI (1547-1553) from Jane Seymour, Queen Mary (1553-1558) from
Catherine and Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) from Anne Boleyn
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Anne of Cleves (1540), Catherine Howard (1540-41), Catherine Parr (1543-47)
Mary-restore Catholicism but Elizabeth purify Anglicanism from both Catholicism
and Calvinism—Puritans left for Europe or New World
Supreme Governor of the Realm in Spiritual and Temporal Matters
Passed Thirty-nine Articles of Religion (1563)
Scotland became Calvinism; Presbyterian reform under John Knox in 1560
England tried to reform Ireland but they remained loyal to Rome
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3 forms spread across N. Europe & to New World from 16th - 18th centuries
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Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
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Unitatis Redintegratio (1964)
What does the Church do; what can you do?
Homework
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p. 132; 1-2, 4-7 (3.1 HW)
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Read pp. 133-158 (3.2 Introduction, AA. 30-31, 3.3 Introduction, and
AA. 32-34)
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p. 143; 1-6 (3.2 HW)
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p. 158; 1-7 (3.3 HW)
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Study for the Section 3 Quest on Thursday: 16 April 2015 (AA. 27-34;
pp. 120-158)
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Make sure the Section 3 HW is ready to turn in Thursday: 16 April
2015 (p. 132; 1-7 & p. 143; 1-6 & p. 158; 1-7)