Transcript Sec 2 * Part 1 - WordPress.com

Section 3
An Age of
Renewal &
Growth
Section 3,
Part 1
Renaissance &
Reform
Introduction
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The Avignon Papacy, Great Western Schism, & Conciliarism
weakened the papacy during the 14th century
Opened the door to nationalism (& humanism through the
Renaissance) in the 15th and 16th centuries
Marks the end of the Late Middle Ages & beginning of the
Modern Era in the 16th century
Also opened the door to the Protestant Reformation that
fractured the unity of Christianity in Western Civilization
(Eastern unity had already been fractured by the Eastern
Schism)
Three Articles
 (A. 27) – The Renaissance
 (A. 28) – Luther’s Complaint
 (A. 29) – Religious Confessions in Europe
Article 27: The Renaissance
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Middle Ages came to a close in the 14/15th century
Gave way to the Renaissance & humanism
Definitions, origins, rise, method, major players, +/- ‘s
10 Renaissance popes (Nicholas V in 1447 to Leo X in 1521)
 Advanced the arts but at a cost—greed, nepotism in the
college of cardinals, sale of indulgences, etc…
 Alexander VI (1492-1503)
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Scholarship
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Art and Music—pray with all of our senses
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Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536)—Christian humanist
Johannes Guttenberg (c. 1440)—printing press
Patrons: Medici’s, Renaissance pope Julius III, St. Phillip Neri
Artists: Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Botticelli, Bernini, Giotto,
Raphael, Donatello, Fra Angelico; Palestrina
Architecture
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St. Peter’s Basilica by Bramante, Michelangelo, & Julius II in Rome
Santa Maria del Fiore in 1436 by Brunelleschi in Florence
You Tube Videos: A. 27
The
Renaissance
Images for Article 27
Homework
 Read A.
 Section
28 in the e-Book
3, Part 1
review question #3
Article 28: Luther’s Complaint
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In 1500, religious/political situation in Europe was volatile
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Indulgences
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Original & present day theology & practice vs. abuse in 15/16th cent.
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
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Combination of Church scandals & nationalism
Sale of indulgences was powder keg & Luther was the fuse
Germany, Augustinian priest, monk, & scholar (Patristic/Scripture)
Central belief—justified by faith in God not pious works
 Lutheran World Federation and Church resolved issue in 1999
Sought to dialogue & reform, not break--95 Theses (10.31.1517)
Central practice attacked was sale of indulgences
Called to Rome, refused, formulated extreme position
Sola Scriptura, Sola Fide, & Sola Gratia
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Led to only Baptism & Eucharist for Sacraments
Article 28 cont.: Luther’s Complaint
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Leo X (1513-1521) did not get involved until Dec. 1520
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Duke Frederick of Saxony “kidnapped”
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Priesthood of all the believers, rejected celibacy
Wrote Augsburg Confession in 1530 with Phillip Melanchthon
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Charles V afraid of German nobles so does not arrest Luther
By 1525 Luther was so strong he came out of hiding &
married—Katharina Von Bora
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Luther translated bible into German & wrote catechisms—p. press
Luther won over Germany due to nationalism & weak papacy
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Too focused on the Renaissance; “squabble among monks”
Luther excommunicated in Jan 1521 after 60 days
Basis of Lutheranism & beginning of Protestantism (1555)
National Church with vary organization in different places
Conclusion
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Luther was right, Luther was wrong, the Church was right,
the Church was wrong: content & method
Homework
 Read A.
 Section
29 in the e-Book
3, Part 1 review
questions #’s 4-5
Article 29: Religious
Confessions in Europe
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Post Luther Europe—new religious &
political landscape as confessions formed
Germany
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Lutheranism expanded & dominant
Anabaptists split off in Munster
--apocalyptical & against infant baptism
Thirty Years War (1618-1648) &
Peace of Westphalia (1648)—“cuius regio, eius religio” again
Switzerland
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John Calvin (1509-1564) France but fled under persecution
Calvinism—Sola Scriptura but denied Eucharist;
simple worship & church
In Switzerland (1536) wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) working in Zurich; Calvin in Geneva
Theocracy was necessary because of predestination
 Strict laws & complete intolerance punishable by death
Article 29 cont.: Religious
Confessions in Europe
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Great Britain
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Henry VIII (1509-1547), Catherine of Aragon, & Anne Boleyn
Leo X (1513-1521), Clement VII (1523-1534), & Thomas More
Political rather than theological break—Anglicans close today
Act of Supremacy (1534) & Act of the Six Articles (1539)
Church lost land, property, bishops, priests, religious, & laity
Edward VI (1547-1553) from Jane Seymour, Queen Mary (1553-1558) from
Catherine & Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) from Anne Boleyn
 Anne of Cleves (1540), Catherine Howard (1540-41), Catherine Parr (1543-47)
 Mary-restore Catholicism but Elizabeth purify Anglicanism from both
Catholicism and Calvinism—Puritans left for Europe or New World
 Supreme Governor of the Realm in Spiritual & Temporal Matters
 Passed Thirty-nine Articles of Religion (1563)
Scotland became Calvinism; Presbyterian reform under John Knox in 1560
England tried to reform Ireland but they remained loyal to Rome
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3 forms spread across N. Europe & to New World from 16th - 18th centuries
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Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity—work of Church & us?
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Unitatis Redintegratio (1964)
You Tube Video: AA. 28 & 29
 The
Protestant Reformation
Homework
 Section 3, Part 1 review
questions #’s 1-2 & 4-7
 Make sure the Section 3, Part 1
review questions 1-7 are ready
to turn in Monday
 Study for the Section 3, Part 1
quiz Thursday