Transcript Organic Macromolecules

Organic Molecules
Carbon is the Main Ingredient in
Organic Molecules
Organic Compounds
• Hydrocarbons are
composed of only
carbon and hydrogen
• Functional groups
are groups of atoms
within a molecule that
interact in predictable
ways with other
molecules
Organic Compounds
• Contain carbon
• Found in living things
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates provide fuel and
building material
• Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen (1:2:1)
• -ose suffix
• Source of energy for
cells
• Provides structural
framework for plant
cells
Monosaccharides
– monomer
– Immediate energy
– Glucose, Fructose
Carbohydrates provide fuel and
building material
Disaccharides
– Must be broken down
to utilize energy
– Sucrose (table sugar),
maltose
Sucralose
Carbohydrates provide fuel and
building material
Polysaccharides
– Polymer
– Must be broken down to
utilize energy
– Starch, Cellulose (fiber),
Glycogen (animals)
Diseases and Disorders Related to
Carbohydrates
• Lactose Intolerance
• Gluten Intolerance
• Diabetes
Lipids
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Hydrophobic- “water-fearing”
Build cell membranes
Long-term energy storage
Cushion organs
Insulation
Aid in the absorption of vitamins
A, D, E and K
• Slows the emptying of stomach so
you feel fuller longer
Fats
• Saturated Fats
– Solid at room temperature
– All carbons make 4 single
bonds
– Not easily digested
– Butter, marbled meat,
shortening
• Unsaturated Fats
– Liquid at room temperature
– Some carbons make double
bonds
– Digested readily
– oils
Steroids
• All have 4 fused rings
• Differ in kinds and
locations of functional
groups- small changes
make for big
differences!
• Circulate body as
chemical signals
• Responsible for our
secondary sex
characteristics
Total Cholesterol levels should be <200
LDL “bad cholesterol <100
HDL “good cholesterol >50
Proteins
Made of amino acids
• Build muscle
• Responsible for most of our
physical and chemical
characteristics
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Skin color
Hair color
Eye color
Height
Temperament
Metabolism
• Enzymes (proteins) play a
critical role in chemical
reactions within living
organisms
Nucleic Acids
• Well, we will get to these later…….