Transcript Nutrition - Staff Web Pages

Nutrition
(Day 2)
Bell Ringer (Day 2)
• Read page 262 in your health book and
answer the following questions:
– Why should you drink water when you are
sick?
– What are 6 signs of dehydration?
– What are 5 ways to drink 6-8 glasses of water
a day?
Nutrients
• A nutrient is a substance in food that helps with
the body processes, helps with growth and repair
of cells, and provides energy.
• Energy is measured in calories.
• A Calorie is a unit of energy produced by food
and used by the body.
• The nutrients include proteins, fat, carbohydrates,
water, vitamins and minerals. These nutrients are
chemical substances which are present in the
food we eat daily.
Proteins
• Proteins are the building blocks that grow and
repair your body.
• Proteins are needed not only for muscle but also
for hair, skin and internal organs.
• Some proteins travel around your body in the
blood as hormones, enzymes and red blood cells.
• Protein is unique because it is the only food
source of nitrogen, which is essential to all plant
and animal life.
Protein
• Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. For each
protein, there are specific amino acids in a specific
amount, and they are joined in a unique order.
• There are 22 amino acids. Eight of these are called the
essential amino acids because they cannot be made by the
body and must be provided by the diet.
• Each gram of protein provides four
calories of energy.
Two Kinds of Proteins
• Complete- a protein that contains all
the essential amino acids.
– Ex: meat, fish, poultry, milk and eggs.
• Incomplete- protein from plant sources
that does not contain all the essential
amino acids.
– Ex: grains, legumes(beans, peas) and
nuts/seeds
What do Proteins do?
• Antibodies, which are made of protein, help you
resist disease and infection.
• Each day, your body loses protein in the form of
hair, skin and nails. You also use up protein in all
the activities of running and maintaining your
body.
• If you eat protein daily, it is supplied to your
body tissue to replenish any loss and repair any
injury.
What do Proteins do?
• For growing infants, children and teens, protein,
along with sufficient calories, is necessary for
growth of the entire body.
• Pregnant and breast-feeding women need
adequate protein for the fetus, for supporting
maternal tissue, and for the production of breast
milk after delivery.
• If you have a cut, undergo surgery, or have an
injury or illness, you need protein to recover and
to rebuild your body.
Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates are sugar compounds made by
plants when the plants are exposed to light.
This process is called photosynthesis.
 Ex: Sugars, starches and fiber
 Each gram of carbohydrate provides four
calories of energy.
 Your body can store only limited amounts of
carbohydrates.
 Excess carbohydrates are stored as fat.
Two types of Carbohydrates
• Simple:
– These are sugars that enter the
bloodstream rapidly and provide quick
energy.
– These carbohydrates provide calories,
but few vitamins and minerals
– Ex: fruits, honey, milk, candy and soda
Two types of Carbohydrates
• Complex:
– Starches and Fiber
– Most calories in your diet come from
complex carbohydrates
– Ex: bread, pasta, potatoes and beans
Starches vs. Fibers
• Starch: a food substance that is made and
stored in plants.
– This is long lasting energy.
• Fiber: the part of grains and plant foods
that cannot be digested.
Uses of Carbohydrates
• It protects your muscles.
• It regulates the amount of sugar circulating
in your body.
• It provides nutrients for friendly bacteria in
intestinal tract that helps in digestion.
• It assist in body's absorption of calcium.
• It helps in lowering cholesterol level and
regulate blood pressure.
Glycogen vs. Glucose
• When you eat complex carbohydrates, they
are changed by saliva and other digestive
juices to a simple sugar called glucose.
• Some glucose is used by cells to provide
heat and energy.
• The remaining glucose is changed to
glycogen, and stored in muscles.
• When energy is needed, glycogen is
converted into glucose.