Transcript Nutrients that have Calories

A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps
maintain the body.
Some provide energy.
All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily
processes such as breathing.
No single food supplies all the nutrients the body
needs to function.
Definition of a Calorie:
o A unit of measure for energy in food
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Nutrients that have Calories:
 Proteins
 Carbohydrates
 Fats
Calories per gram:
Protein
1 Gram = 4 calories
Carbohydrates 1 Gram = 4 calories
Fat
1 Gram = 9 calories
• key source of energy
• Found in grains, fruits and veggies, and junk
food
• made of simple sugars called
monosaccharides
• A polysaccharide is: many sugars linked in a
chain.
• Examples: starch (plants) and glycogen
(animals)
•Usually found in fried foods, meats and junk food.
•made of fatty acids
•Will not dissolve in water.
•Fat molecules contain twice as much energy as
carbohydrates or proteins.
Examples: waxes, oils, cholesterol, steroid hormones, and fats.
• abundantly found in meats, eggs, nuts, beans
• Made from hundreds or thousands of amino acids
linked together.
• Humans need twenty different amino acids
• All proteins are either structural or enzymes
• Structural – proteins that form structures (like
hair or tendons)
• Enzymes – make body process happen and
efficient
Organic substances needed in trace amounts that help
your body work more efficiently
Organic – usually comes from an organism
•Fat-soluble – can be stored in the
body, too much
can be toxic (A, D, E, K)
•Water-soluble – need daily doses
because they are
excreted with urine
Inorganic substances needed in trace amounts.
Inorganic – usually comes from the earth
a) Help your body work efficiently
b) allow nerves and muscles to function
c) make body structures (like bone)
d) maintain water balance
• Makes up about 70% of your total body
• Needed in large amounts, because almost
everything must be dissolved in water for
your body to work properly.
• Common myth – you do not need 8 – 10
glasses of water every day. There is water
in every drink and almost every food, which
is plenty for normal individuals.