Transcript Carbon compounds

Carbon compounds
A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only the elements
__hydrogen__________ and ____carbon__________.
The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be ________________,
_____________________ or ____________________________.
A __Chemical _or molecular____________ formula includes the chemical
Symbols of the elements in each molecule of a compound, as well
as the number of ____________
of each element.
atoms
H2O
NaCl
A ______structural__________ formula shows the kind, number and
Arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different
Structures are called ___isomers_____________.
C5H12
C5H12
In a substituted hydrocarbon, atoms of other elements replace, or
Substitute for, one or more _hydrogen______ atoms in a hydrocarbon
Chain.
Substituted hydrocarbons include halogen-containing compounds,
_alcohols_________ and
____________________.
The group –OH is made of an ___oxygen________ atom and
A ___hydrogen___________ atom. It is called a hydroxyl group.
An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more of the following
Group of atoms: -COOH.
Each –COOH is called a ___carboxyl_____________
Citric acid is an organic acid found in oranges and lemons.
If an alcohol and an organic acid are chemically combined,
the resulting compound is called an ____ester________.
Many of them have pleasant fruity smells.
A very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller
Molecules bonded together is called a _
polymer_____.
The smaller molecules,
That make up the chain
Are called __monomer________.
Other polymers, are manufacture.
They are called
__synthetic______________ polymers.
Some
polymers are
made naturally
by living things.
Four Basic Types of Organic
Molecule
Nutrients – provide energy & raw materials
for growth, repair and function
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Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
• Structure: muscles,
keratin in hair,
collagen in skin,,
crystallin in eye &
fingernails.
• The body uses
proteins to build and
repair body parts
• Hormones
• Immune system
Proteins are made of Amino Acids
Proteins are polymers made of
smaller molecules called amino
acids.
There are 20 kinds of amino acids
found in living things.
Different proteins are made with
different sequences of
Amino acids.
HUGE VARIETY!
sources of protein
beef
poultry,
fish,
eggs,
dairy products,
nuts, seeds,
and legumes like black beans
and lentils.
Carbohydrates
• An energy rich organic compound made of
the elements carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
2 types of carbohydrates
• Simple Carbohydrates – The simplest is
sugar, which we call glucose
C6H12O6
•
Complex Carbohydrate -
Plants or food
products from plants – Made of long chains of simple
carbohydrates
- starch – bread, cereal, pasta
- cellulose – fruits, vegetables, nuts & whole grains
Lipids
• Fats, Oils, Waxes &
Cholesterol
• Energy-rich
compounds made of
carbon, oxygen &
hydrogen
• Release more
energy in your body
than carbohydrates
Fats and Oils
•Fats are solid at room temperature
•Oils are liquid at room temperature
•Fats and oils are made of 3 fatty acids
and 1 glycerol
waxes
Waxes are used to coat and protect things in
nature.
Bees make wax.
Your ears make wax.
Plant leaves even have wax on the outside of
their leaves.
What is cholesterol?
* Cholesterol is a fatty substance (lipid), which is
essential to healthy life.
* It is found in the brain, nervous tissue, skin and
adrenal glands.
Cholesterol is manufactured mainly in the liver but it is also
present in saturated fat found in meat and dairy products
and many processed foods.
Excess
saturated fat in the diet increases blood cholesterol.
Nucleic Acids
● Extremely complex molecules produced by living cells and
viruses.
● Nucleic acids have at least two functions:
1. to pass on hereditary characteristics from one
generation to the next,
2. to trigger the manufacture of specific proteins.
●The nucleic acids are the fundamental substances of living
things,