Transcript Chapter 8, Sections 3 & 4 Pages 306-323

Chapter 8, Sections 3 & 4
Pages 306-323
Polymers,
Composites
and Carbon
Forming Polymers
• Polymers form when chemical bonds link
large numbers of monomers in a repeating
pattern.
• Figures 16-18, pg.’s 307-309.
• Natural Polymers:
• Proteins are formed from smaller molecules
called amino acids.
• Synthetic Polymers:
• Plastics are made from simpler materials
such as oil or coal.
Composites
• Composite: Combines two or more
substances in a new material with different
properties.
• Many composites include one or more
polymers.
– Fiberglass is glass strands held together by
plastic.
– Figures 19 & 20, pg.’s 312-313
Carbohydrates
• An energy rich organic compound made of the
elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (fig.’s
21-22, pg.’s 317-318)
• Simple Carbohydrates:
– Glucose: One of the most important sugars in
your body. The Chemical formula is C6H12O6
• Complex Carbohydrates: A polymer
made of smaller molecules that are simple
carbohydrates bonded to one another.
–Starch: A stored plant energy; found in potatoes,
pasta and rice.
–Cellulose: Used by plants to make strong stems
and roots.
Proteins and Lipids
• Proteins: The body uses
proteins from food to build and
repair body parts and to regulate
cell activities.
• Lipids are energy rich
compounds made of carbon,
oxygen and hydrogen.
– Gram for gram, lipids release twice
as much energy in your body as do
carbohydrates.
– Fig.’s 23-25, pg.’s 319-320
Nucleic
Acids
• Very large organic
molecules made up of
carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen and
phosphorus. ( fig.’s 2326, pg.’s 319-321)
–DNA: deoxyribonucleic
acid
• When living things
reproduce, they pass DNA
and the information it
carries to the next
generation.
–RNA: ribonucleic acid
•Nucleotides: The
building blocks of nucleic
acids.
Other Nutrients
• Organisms require
water, vitamins,
minerals, and salts
to support the
functioning of large
molecules.
• Figure 27, pg. 322
Questions???
• Complete the Section 3
assessment questions (pg.
313) and the section 4
assessment questions ( pg.
323).