Transcript Chapter 2, section 2

Chapter 2, section 1
The Six Characteristics of Living Things
Review
All Living Things
1. Have
cells covered by
membrane
2. Sense and respond to change
A change that causes an organism to
react is
stimuli
Homeostasis
• Maintaining a constant, internal
environment
All Living Things
3. Reproduce
Sexual – 2 parents, similar offspring
Asexual – 1 parent, identical
offspring
4. Have
DNA
Heredity
• Passing traits to the next generation
All Living Things
5. Use
energy
All the chemical activities that an organism
performs are called
Metabolism.
ex: Taking in food,
breaking down food (digestion),
moving materials into and out of cells
All Living things
6. Grow and develop
Chapter 2, section 2
Review
Four things all organisms need:
1. Water – Used in all
• Chemical reactions
2. Air- O2 and CO2
3. Food
4. A place to live
Organisms get their food in
different ways.
• Some make their own food. They are
• Producers
Organisms get their food in
different ways.
• Some eat other organisms for food. They
are
• Consumers
Organisms get their food in
different ways.
• Some consumers get food by breaking
down dead organisms or waste. They are
• Decomposers
Proteins
• Large molecules made up of small
molecules called
• Amino acids
Jobs of proteins
• Protect cells
• Repair cells
• Help cells grow
Two special proteins:
• The protein that binds to oxygen to deliver
and release oxygen throughout the body:
• hemoglobin
• The protein that starts or speeds up
chemical reactions in cells:
• enzymes
Carbohydrates
• Molecules made up of
• Sugars
Jobs of carbohydrates
• Give energy
• Store energy
• Release energy when they are broken
down.
Types of Carbohydrates
• Have one or a few sugar molecules. Easy
to break down:
• Simple carbohydrates
(chocolate, candy)
• Have hundreds of sugar molecules.
Take longer to break down:
• Complex carbohydrates
(whole gran pasta, bread,
etc.)
Lipids
• Are compounds that can’t mix with Water
• Examples:
• Butter, margarine, olive oil
Jobs of Lipids
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Store energy:
Fats and oils
Form the membranes of cells:
Phospholipids: lipid + phosphorous
make the cell membranes
ATP
• Adesonine Triphosphate
• Main source for cells
• Comes from breaking
down the carbs and lipids
(NOT protein!!)
• Used to fuel your metabolism
Nucleic Acids
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•
•
•
•
•
Blueprints of life!
Contain the energy to make:
Proteins
Large molecules made up of :
Nucleotides
The nucleic acid that gives direction and
information to cells is:
• DNA
Review
• Plants store extra sugar as lipids, starch,
proteins, or nucleic acids:
• STARCH!
Review
• Fats and oils are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates,
or nucleic acids.
• LIPIDS!
Review
• The protein ________________________
delivers and releases oxygen throughout the
body.
• HEMOGLOBIN!
Review
• _____________________________ are made
up of one sugar molecule or a few sugar
molecules linked together
• SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES!