Transcript flashcards
What is an enzyme? • Type of protein. • Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction. • Decreases Energy of Activation. What are the 6 biological elements? • • • • • • C H O N P S What are the 4 types of biomolecules? • • • • Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids What is the function of carbohydrates? • Short Term Energy storage What is the function of nucleic acids? • Store and transmit genetic information. What are some examples of carbohydrates? • • • • • Fruit Grains Glucose and Fructose Cellulose and Starch Sugars in general… What are phospholipids? • Type of lipids • Main biomolecule in cell membranes What is the function of protein? • Catalyzes chemical reactions. • Provides cell structure. What is the function of lipids? • Long Term Energy storage • Cell Membranes • Chemical messaging What is the monomer of carbohydrates? • Monosaccharide (simple sugar) What is the monomer of nucleic acids? • Nucleotide What is the monomer of lipids? • Fatty Acids • Glycerol What is the monomer of proteins? • Amino Acids What is hydrolysis? • Chemical Reaction • Water Added • Break down large molecules What is dehydration? • Chemical Reaction • Remove Water • Build larger molecules What is hemoglobin? • Type of protein • Contains Iron • Binds with oxygen in blood What does it mean to be “polar”? • Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule. • Water = Polar • Head of phospholipids = Polar Describe the charge distribution of water molecules: • Hydrogen = slightly positive • Oxygen = slightly negative What is a valence electron? • Outermost electron of atom • Forms bonds What is ATP? • Adenosine Triphosphate • Energy storing molecule How does ATP store energy? • Phosphate bonds • Add a Phosphate = Store Energy How can energy be released from ATP? • Removal of a phosphate • ATP ADP What is homeostasis? • Maintenance of internal stability • Maintaining internal conditions What is the nucleus? • • • • Cell organelle Stores DNA “Control Center” Contains info needed to make proteins What’s found in the nucleus? • • • • DNA Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus What do mitochondria do? • Cellular Respiration • Release stored energy from carbohydrates What is the function of the cell membrane? • Protect the cell • Maintain what enters and exits What is diffusion? • The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration. What is equilibrium? • “Same” on “both sides” What is active transport? • Movement of particles against a concentration gradient. • ENERGY NEEDED! What is osmosis? • The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. • High to Low water concentration. What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water? • It will burst • Water will rush in • High Low What are ribosomes? • Cell organelles • Make protein What is an acid? • Molecule which dissociates in water • Releases Hydrogen Ions What is a base? • Molecule which dissociates in water • Releases Hydroxide Ions How does your blood maintain pH? • Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer • Too Acidic Carbonate binds with H+ Bicarbonate • Too Basic Bicarbonate releases H+ Carbonate How is matter related to all living systems? • All living systems are made of matter • All living systems cycle and transfer matter