Transcript Slide 1
Chapter 2 Secs. 1/2 Chemical Reactions Take Place in Cells Cells Capture and Release Energy Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Terms 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 Please define chemical reaction. Chemical Reaction: when bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds form to make different molecules. What are the four types of large molecules? (Must name all four to receive points) 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids All of the four types of large molecules have something in common. They all contain _______ atoms. Carbon How are carbohydrates and lipids similar and how are they different? (Must answer both parts of the question to receive points) Similarities: both contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and provide energy/structure. Differences: Lipids do NOT dissolve in water. Carbohydrates do. _______ is the process where molecules spread out, or move to an area where there are many of them to an area where there are fewer of them. Diffusion—food example. A major energy source for most cells is stored in a sugar molecule called ________. Glucose Why is water needed by cells? All the chemical reactions in a cell take place in water. Plants do not immediately use all of the glucose they make. Why? Some of the glucose molecules are linked together to build large carbohydrates called starch. Plants can store starch and later break it down into glucose or other sugars when they need energy. When your cells use __________ to release energy, one of the waste products is lactic acid, which can cause a burning sensation in your muscles. Fermentation-the process of cells releasing energy without oxygen. What are the subunits of nucleic acids? Nucleotides What is the process that changes energy from sunlight into chemical energy? Photosynthesis What are the starting and ending materials for photosynthesis? (Must answer both parts of the question to receive points) Starting: sunlight, carbon dioxide and water Ending: oxygen and sugars (glucose) What are the starting and ending materials of cellular respiration? Starting: sugars (glucose) and oxygen Ending: energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Which type of large molecule do cells use as a main energy source and structure for the cell? Carbohydrates Which type of large molecule sometimes transports materials into and out of the cell? HINT: they also make chemical reactions happen faster! Proteins This is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule. Chemical Energy This is a light absorbing pigment, or colored substance, that traps the energy in sunlight. Chlorophyll ______ is the movement of water through a membrane of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis The structure and the function of a protein is determined by the type, number, and order of ______ ______ in it. HINT: these are the building blocks (subunits) of proteins. Amino Acids What is the process in which a material/molecules are being expelled from the cell? Exocytosis What does DNA stand for? (**must be spelled correctly) Deoxyribonucleic Acids