Transcript Biomolecules

All living things
are Carbon
based.
Biomolecules = 4
essential carbon
based molecules
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/crystal_structure_image.shtml
Organic compounds contain:
CARBON & HYDROGEN
Organic Molecules include:
•carbohydrates,
•lipids,
•Proteins
•nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
key source of energy,
found in most foods — especially
fruits, vegetables, and grains
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
single sugars, called monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Glucose is an essential ingredient
for the organism to make energy
–This happens in both PLANTS &
ANIMALS and is known as
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Carbohydrates
Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
– Sucrose (glucose+fructose)
– Lactose (glucose+galactose)
– Maltose (glucose+glucose)
glucose
glucose
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples:
starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
Lipids
Lipids (LIHP ihdz) are nonpolar
molecules that are not soluble in
water. (Do not mix with water)
include fats, phospholipids, steroids,
and waxes.
Phospholipids make up
the lipid bilayer of
cell membranes.
Lipids
Lipids in the body known as fats
are essential for LONG TERM
storage of energy
Why is a person able to survive
for days without food?
Can you think of an animal
adaptation where long term
storage is essential?
lipids include some light-absorbing
compounds called pigments, such
as the plant pigment chlorophyll.
http://www.jupiterimages.com/popup2.aspx?navigationSubType=itemdetails&itemID=23486696
Fatty Acids- monomer of Lipids
lipids
There are two kinds of fatty acids you may
see these on food labels:
1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds
(bad)
O
saturated C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds
(good)
O
unsaturated C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH
Proteins
http://www.parga.gr/dynamic/images/content/Estiatoria/FreshFishSteakSampler-500.jpg
A Protein (PROH teen) is a
large molecule formed by linked
smaller molecules called amino
acids.
Other proteins are found in skin,
ligaments, tendons, and bones. Your
hair and muscles contain structural
proteins and so do the fibers of a
blood clot. Other proteins called
antibodies help your body defend
against infection.
Proteins
The membrane of cells is embedded
with proteins
that serve a
variety of
functions
Proteins can also
be
Hormones
&
Enzymes
Proteins
Proteins are made of
long folded chains of
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
A nucleic acid is a long chain of
smaller molecules called
nucleotides.
A Nucleotide has
three parts:
• sugar,
• base,
• phosphate group,
Nucleic Acids
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid,
consists of two strands of
nucleotides that spiral around each
other,
Nucleic Acids
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate,
Considered by biologists
to be the energy
currency of life.
ATP is the high-energy
molecule that stores the
energy we need to do just
about everything we do.
• http://www.hk-phy.org/articles/laser/laser_e.html
• http://www.3dscience.com/3D_Models/Biology/DNA/DNA.php
• http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/96/66/23486696.jpg
• http://www.mcgraw-hill.com
• http://www.ccrnp.ncifcrf.gov/~toms/patent/dnasequencing
•