Transcript First Five 8/26/11

These molecules are all found in
the human body.
Water makes up a large portion of our
body.
Ammonia is found in urine as a waste
product of breaking down proteins.
Carbon dioxide is a waste product that
we exhale.
Biomolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
What is the purpose of eating food?
• to extract the organic compounds
need to carry out chemical reactions
(breaking down of proteins,
carbohydrates) in our body
What did you
have for
breakfast?
So what makes up these
biomelecules?
• A smaller unit of molecules or
monomer combines with other
monomers to make a large
molecule or polymer.
• Mono means single
• Poly means many
Macromolecules
• big molecules that
are made up of
smaller molecules
Carbohydrates
•
•
•
•
Most abundant of the biomolecules
Storage and transport of energy
Sugar and starch
Structural component (cellulose in
plants)
C,H,O
hexagon
shape
Carbohydrates
ex: sugars (monomer) combine
to form starch (polymer)
glucose
Proteins
• Large compounds made of amino acids
in a chain
• Structural components of animal cells
• includes enzymes that catalyze (speed
up) reactions
• Needed for metabolism & building
muscle
C,H,O,N
Y shaped
zig-zag
Proteins
Lipids
• Fats, oils, waxes, & cholesterol
• Energy storage
• Structural component of cell membrane
• insulation
Lipids
C,H,O
long chain
ex: glycerols (monomer) combine
to form triglycerides (polymer)
Nucleic Acids
• made of nucleotides
• make up and store genetic material
• DNA/RNA code
C,H,O,N,P
ex: amino acids (monomer) combine
to form protein (polymer)
ex: nucleotides (monomer) combine
to form nucleic acids (polymer)
Dehydration Synthesis
and Hydrolysis
What is happening during
dehydration synthesis?
• Dehydrate = to remove
water
• Synthesis = to make
something
• Water molecules form
Monomers combine to form
polymers
• +
H2O
What’s happening during a
hydrolysis reaction?
• Hydro means water
• Lysis means to break apart
• Water (H2O) is used to break
apart
Polymers break apart to
form monomers
H2O
• +
Hydrolysis reaction