Transcript 4 Classes of Organic Compounds:

Chapter 2 Section 2
• Objectives:
–Explain why organisms need
food, water, air, and living
space.
–Describe the chemical
building blocks of cells
Water
• Very crucial in most
chemical reactions in the
body require this
• Body is 70% water.
• Survive 3 days without
water
Air
• Many organisms need oxygen
for metabolic (chemical)
reactions.
• Plants, algae, and some
bacteria need carbon dioxide
for photosynthesis
A place to live
• Every organism needs a
place that contains what
they need.
• Organisms compete for
space.
Food
• Food gives organisms
energy that allow them to
carry on life processes such
as:
–Nutrients to replace cells
–Build body parts
Food Makers
• Producers
–Organisms that make their own
food through the process of
photosynthesis.
–Changes Carbon Dioxide into
Oxygen
Food Takers
• Consumers
–Must eat other organisms to get
energy
• Decomposers
–One type of consumer
–Breaks down dead organisms and
animal wastes
4 Classes of Organic
Compounds:
•
•
•
•
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
A. Carbohydrates:
1) Organic compounds made of
Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen in
a 1:2:1 ratio
A. Carbohydrates:
2) Key source of energy
3) Found in most foods, including
fruits, vegetables, and grains
A. Carbohydrates:
4) Simple carbohydrates - Made of
single sugars called
monosaccharide .
(ex: table sugar and sugar in fruits)
5) Two sugars are disaccharides.
6) Complex carbohydrates – Made of
hundreds of sugar molecules linked
together. (ex: Potato plant store extra
sugar as starch)
A. Carbohydrates:
7. Starch is a carbohydrate that
stores energy in plants
8. Glycogen is a carbohydrate
made by animals to store
energy
A. Carbohydrates:
9. Cellulose is an
indigestible carbohydrate
that provides structural
support for plants
B. Lipids:
1. Mostly insoluble in
water
2. Include fats,
phospholipids,
steroids, and waxes.
B. Lipids:
3. Phospholipids - Important part
of cell membranes (double layer)
- Head attracts water
- Tail does not attract water
tails come together in double
layer.
4. Fats are lipids that store energy
Fats
a. Contain 3 fatty acids bonded
to a glycerol molecule
backbone
Fats
b. Glycerol is a 3-carbon organic
molecule
c. A fatty acid is a long chain of
carbon atoms with attached
hydrogen atoms
Fats
d. Unsaturated fats – liquid at
room temperature. Contain
double bonds.
e. Saturated Fats – Solid at room
temperature. No double bonds.
Fat
C. Proteins
1. Proteins– large molecule formed
by linked amino acids.
2. Twenty amino acids make up all
proteins.
a. Order and number of amino
acids determine protein.
b. Amino acids fold and twist into
a compact protein.
Hemoglobin
C. Proteins
3. Importance
a. Structural
b. Enzymes- speed up
chemical reactions
c. Immune system
d. Muscle contraction
D. Nucleic Acids
1. Nucleic acids– long chain of
nucleotides, codes for genetic
information.
2. Nucleotides– contains a sugar
phosphate back bone and a base.
a. There are 4 bases
b. Variation on pattern and number
of bases creates genetic
variation.
DNA
D. Nucleic Acid
3. DNA– deoxyribonucleic acid,
two strands form a double
helix. Contained in
chromosomes.
4. RNA– Ribonucleic acid, single
or double stranded, involved in
manufacture of proteins.
E. ATP
1. ATP – Adenosine
Triphosphate, Energy storage
molecule used by all living
things.
2. Cells require ATP to function.
ATP