Transcript Document

Organic Macromolecules
Objectives:
• Describe the basic structure and function of
sugars.
• Name 3 saccharides and describe their
functions.
• Identify a general characteristic of lipids.
• Describe the structure and function of fats.
• List functions of proteins.
• Describe the structure of amino acids and
proteins.
• Describe factors that influence protein
shape.
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Organic Molecules
Recall molecules are two or more atoms
bonded covalently (sharing electrons).
Inorganic molecules are non-carbon
based. Ex. NH3, H2O and O2.
Organic molecules are carbon based.
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Functional Group
Functional group are a group of atoms
within a molecule that interact in
predictable ways.
Amino
group
Amino acid
Carboxyl
group
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Organic Molecules
Organic molecules are composed of
hundreds or millions of atoms.
Monomers are similar small molecules that
link together.
Polymers are straight chains of monomers
linked together.
Monomers are to polymers like letters are to
words.
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Building and Breaking Polymers
Dehydration Reaction is the process of
adding a monomer to a chain. When a
monomer is linked, a water molecule is
formed.
Hydrolysis uses water to break a polymer
chain.
Water is involved in both the building and
breaking of polymers.
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Four Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acid
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The Task
You are responsible for learning about three
of the four organic macromolecules.
There are options:
• Puzzle
• PPT
• Textbook
We will determine which option you will use
to obtain your notes.
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PowerPoint Notes
Read through the notes and fill in the following
information for each molecule:
• Definition
• Element Composition
• Examples
• Function in Body
• Monomer
• Simple Polymer
• Complex Polymer
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates serve as quick energy
and short-term energy storage.
They play a structural role in plants,
bacteria, and insects.
Monomers of carbohydrates are the
monosaccharides:
glucose
fructose
galactose
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Structure of Glucose
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A disaccharide is made from linking
two monosaccharides together.
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Larger polysaccharides are made from linking many
glucose molecules together through condensation
synthesis.
Examples of polysaccharides:
Starch
glycogen
cellulose
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Lipids
Lipids serve as long-term energy stores
in cells, form membranes, and serve as
hormones and insulation.
Lipids do not dissolve in water.
Fats and oils are formed from a glycerol
molecule and three fatty acid
molecules.
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Structure of Triglycerides
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Fatty acids are long chains of
hydrocarbons ending in - COOH
Fatty acids may be saturated fatty acids
or unsaturated fatty acids.
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Some lipids are phospholipids that
form cell membranes.
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Other lipids are steroids.
Examples include cholesterol, and the
sex hormones estrogen and
testosterone.
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Proteins
Proteins perform many functions in cells.
Proteins:
Serve as structural proteins
Act as enzymes to speed reactions
Serve as transport carriers
Act as antibodies
Allow materials to cross cell membranes
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Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
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Peptide bonds join amino acids.
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Proteins have levels of organization.
Proteins can be denatured.
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