Transcript Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

The Structure of an Atom.
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What are the 3 major parts of an
atom?
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Proton-positively charged particles found
in the atomic nucleus.
Neutron-uncharged particles found in the
atomic nucleus.
Electron- negatively charged particles
that surround the atom's nucleus.
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A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting
of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number.
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4
Draw the structure of
Lithium
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Molecules
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A molecule is defined as a group
of at least two atoms in a definite
arrangement held together by very
strong chemical bonds.
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Molecules in Cells
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Build cells:
Lipids and proteins build the cell membrane
& carbohydrates build the cell wall
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Regulate cell activities:
Enzymes-proteins that are catalysts in
chemical reactions
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Molecules in Cells
•Store energy:
Carbohydrates (sugars and starches),
proteins, lipids (fats)
•Store genetic information:
Nucleic acids-DNA and RNA
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Proteins
Food/energy storage
 Antibodies-work in our immune
system to fight off disease
 Enzymes-made of subunits called
amino acids
 Make up hemoglobin in red blood
cells
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Proteins
Made of amino acids-there are 20 different
kinds of amino acids.
50 or more amino acids linked together
make a protein.
All 20 amino acids do not need to be
present in a protein.
The arrangement of amino acids determines
the type and use of the protein.
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Nucleic Acids
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Made of smaller molecules called
nucleotides.
DNA-arrangement of nucleotides is a
code for the order of amino acids in a
protein.
RNA-uses the code in DNA to arrange
the amino acids in proper order to build
the protein.
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Used for
energy storage
 Makes up the
two layers in
a cell membrane.
 Fat in animals
 Oil in plants
 Cannot mix with
water
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Lipids
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Carbohydrates
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Sugars-simplest and most common is
glucose (6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen
atoms and 6 oxygen atoms)
Made of sugars
Can be simple or
complex
Starch in plants
Source of stored energy
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Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrate molecules are thousands of
glucose molecules linked together.
Starches are chains of sugars linked
together. Storage for energy in plants.
Glycogen-storage of energy in animals and
humans.
Cellulose-carbohydrate that makes up the
cell wall.
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Cellulose
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Most animals cannot
digest because they lack the necessary
enzyme.
Dietary fiber-moves softer foods through
the digestive tract.
Makes paper, linen cloth, cotton, and
cellophane used to wrap products to keep
them fresh.
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ATP-Adenosine Triphosphate
Major fuel used
for the cell’s
activities
 Energy in lipids
and
carbohydrates is
transferred to
this molecule.
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