Transcript Chapter 2 Section 3

Chapter 2 Section 3
The Chemistry of Life
Atom
• Everything, living or
non-living, is made of atoms
• Smallest part of matter or
element
• Parts of the atom include the
neutrons, electrons and
protons
Element
• A substance made of one
type of atom
• Found on the periodic
table
Molecule
• When two or more atoms
join together
H2O – water
6 Common Elements in
Living things
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Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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C
H
N
O
P
S
Proteins
• Base unit is called amino
acids
• Most abundant material in
cell after water
Protein Functions
• Makes feathers, hair and
spider webs
• Hemoglobin – oxygen to
body parts
• Enzymes – chemical
reactions
Carbohydrates
• Made of sugar
• Cells use as a source for
energy
• Simple or complex carbs
–Simple = one or a few sugars
–Complex= many sugars
Starch
• Plants store complex
carbohydrates as starch
• Found in potatoes
Lipids
• Compounds that cannot
mix with water
• Store energy
Fats and Oils
• Store energy
• Structures are almost
identical
–Fats – solid at room temp
–Oils – liquid at room temp
Phospholipids
• Make the cell membrane
Water loving
Water fearing
Water loving
Nucleic acids
• Made of base units called
nucleotides
• Blue prints of life
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)
The Cell’s Fuel
• ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate
• comes from broken down
food molecules