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Organic Compounds
Biology 11
Text Questions – Section 2.1 – 2.4
Intro reading:
Chemistry of Life (pg 30)
Reflect on Your Learning #1 – 5
2.1 & 2.2 – Task
Organic Compounds & Carbohydrates

Read:
Pages 32 – 36
 Omit 2.1.1 Activity
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
Answer
Practice Questions : #1, 2, 4 to 8 (on pg 36/37)
 Section Question: #1 (on pg 40)
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#1 – Carbohydrates Types
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Monosaccharide
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Disaccharide
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Single/simple sugars
Double sugars (2 simple sugars joined
together)
Polysaccharide
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Complex carbohydrates (many simple sugars
creating long chain)
#2 – Organic or Inorganic
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Water
Inorganic
 Does not contain carbon

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Carbon dioxide
Inorganic
 Does have carbon
 BUT does not have hydrogen
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#4 – Function of Carbs
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Primary energy source for cells
#5 – Single Sugars
a.k.a. monosaccharides
 Glucose
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Fructose
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Found in plants, your cells and blood!
Found in fruit
Galactose
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Found in milk
#6 – Disaccharide Table
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Maltose
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Sucrose
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Used in beer
making
Brown &
white sugar
Lactose
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Found in
milk
#7 – Cellulose & Starch
Polysaccharides
 Found in plants
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
Starch
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Energy source
Cellulose
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Structural component in plant cells
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Cell walls
#8 – Ingredients as Sugar
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Have suffix
(ending)
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“…ose”
#1 – Extra Carbs

If not used:


Converted into fat and stored
Carbohydrate intake should only be
limited if:
Excess carbohydrates are consumed
daily
 Stop weight gain
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2.3 – Task
Lipids

Read:


Pages 37 – 39
Answer:
Practice Questions: #1 to 5 (on pg 39)
 Section Questions: #2, 3 (on pg 40)
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#1 – Fats (Lipids)
Structure:
 Composed of:
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
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Fatty acids and glycerol
Function:
 Supply energy to body cells
 Carry many important vitamins
 Construction material for cell membrane &
hormones
#2 – Non-triglyceride Fats
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Phospholipids
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Phosphate head with tail
Steroids
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Ring shaped
Waxes
 Cholesterol
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#3 – Triglyceride
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Composed of one glycerol molecule
and three fatty acids
#4 – Cholesterol
Type of lipid
 Function:

Temperature control in cell membrane
 Makes hormones

#5 – Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Saturated
 Have maximum
number of hydrogen
atoms


All carbons have 4
bonds
Usually animal fats
Unsaturated
 Have fewer
hydrogen atoms


Some carbons have
double bonds
Usually plant fats/oils
#2 – Are Fats Essential?
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They ARE essential because:
Carry some important vitamins
 Gives energy

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Also required for proper brain and nerve
development in fetus/infants
#3 – Cholesterol Good & Bad
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Benefits:
Part of cell membrane
 Makes hormones
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Harmful:
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Blocks blood vessels
2.4 – Task
Proteins
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Read:
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Pages 41 – 42
Answer
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Practice Questions: #1 – 4 (on pg 42)
#1 – Proteins
Structure:
 Composed of amino acids
 Function:
 Construction/building material in
MANY parts of the body
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Nails, hair, cell membrane, cartilage,
pigments of skin & eyes, hormones,
muscle tissues, antibodies, enzymes
#2 – Amino Acids
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Small building blocks that form proteins
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Polypeptide chains
20 different types
12 – made in body
 8 – “essential” obtained by food
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#3 – High Protein Food
Meat
 Fish
 Eggs
 Milk products
 Beans
 Whole grains
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#4 – Why so Many Proteins?
Composed of 20 different amino acids
 Can be arranged in a variety of different:
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Order (including repetition)
 Lengths
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If 20-letter alphabet:
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Produce an infinite number of
different words and sentences
Don’t forget about …
 Nucleic Acids
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Composed of:
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Examples:
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Nucleotides
DNA & RNA
Food sources:
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All foods